新概念英语第三册课文和笔记-第4课

Lesson 4
The double life of Alfred Bloggs
阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

double：双重的

★manual
adj. 体力的
＝physical
manual work: 体力工作
mental work: 脑力工作

★collar
n. 衣领
white-collar:白领（do mental work)
bule-collar: 蓝领（do manual work)
（get) hot underthe collar:怒气冲天

★sacrifice
v. 牺牲，献出
vt.……to give up for good purpose
sacrifice one's life for the country
sacrifice time

n.……
make many sacrifices

★privilege
n. 好处
=advantage
特权（special right)

牺牲掉自己的好处：
sacrifice one's advantage/privilege

特许某人做某事：
give sb.the privilege of doing sth.

privileged:（a.)荣幸的

★dustman
n. 清洁工

★corporation
n. 公司

★overalls
n. 工作服

★shower
n. 淋浴

★secret
n. 秘密
a. keep secret:保密
It's between you and me.
I'll keep it to myself.
confidential：机密的
in secret:私下里
＝secretly,in private,privately
I was told about it in secret.
in the secret:知道内情
He was in the secret form the beginning

★status
n. 地位
＝social position
status
statue:雕像，塑像

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Alf want a white-collar job?

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.

参考译文

如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。
艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班，然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。

【课文讲解】

people who do manual work=>blue-collar workers
people who work in offices/do mental work=>white-collar workers

for more money
far-副词用来加强语气＝＝much

refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为
I always refer to him as boolworm（书呆子）

for the simple reason=>for 引导的原因状语从句
for the reason that比because正式，因此多用于正式文体

human nature人性

such...that...
that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵
His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
＝》Such was his kindness...
Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.

介词for表示一种目的
be willing to do sth.=be ready to do sth.心甘情愿做

give rise to,lead to,cause:引起，惹起＝result in
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.

in the case of: 至于，就...而言＝concerning
Stealing isno shame in the case of him.
in case of:（连）万一，以访
You should ensure your house in case of fire.

who引导定语从句

too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of

get married
marry(v.)如果强调动作：He married the girl
如果表示状态：get married,be married
如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb
The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.

too...to...：太...而不能

simply:副词，用来修饰限定动词told

dressed in a smart balck suit---形容词短语表示一种状态
He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart balck suit.

changed into：换上

Before returning home=Before he returned home
在Before引导的时间状语从句中，return的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是有介词Before和动名词搭配而成，相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
After gettting home,he had a good rest.
Before having dinner,he finished all his homework.

she never will=she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中，never要放在助动词之前
“will you go to see her?"
“I will never to to see her"/"no ,I never will."

half as much as (he used to)
half(a quarter,twice,three times)as .... as...---表示倍数
I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me.
We got three times as many people as we expected.
This room is about three times as large as that one.
...as（形容词或副词原形）as...：是...几倍
比...多几倍：...times（形容词或副词比较级）
This road is four times longer than that one.
＝》This road is five times as long as that one.

is well worth the loss of money
What he obtained is well worth the loss of time.
well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth

【Special difficulties】

A.英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语，只能代某物或某事，如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to
He told a story to me.＝》He told me a story .
两类词汇：tell可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语；指人的间接宾语）
explain,say只能代一个（直接）宾语，在间接宾语前要介词to
She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
He admitted his guilt to the police.
Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时，通常放在间接宾语之后，但say除外。
I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
He comfessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.

B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
His suggestion is worth considering.

【Multiple choice questions】
（1)...a...
illustrate:阐明，阐述
“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker"

(2)...c...
double life

(3)...d...
"...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money"

Structure
(4)...b...
to go 可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.

（5)...d...
"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job."
too...to(不定式to表示否定）
so...that:“如此，以致于”（在that引导的结果状语从句中，如果采用否定式，可以和too...to 互换）
The water is too hot for us to dringk.
＝＝》The water is so hot that we can't drink.

（6)...C...
"He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation"
simply :副词“仅仅是，再没有别的了”＝only，just
无论是simply，only还是just，往往用在主体词之前
I did it simply/only for the money
I don't like driving.I do it simply /only because I have to go to work each day.
and no more ……放句尾
in a simple way: 简单地，简朴地
　　She was always dressed in a simple way.

(7)...b...
如果主、从的主语一致，可用介词和动名词形式搭配
Before returning home...
before---连接词，引导时间状语从句
　　Before he returned home...
before 引导的从句，常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。

（８）...c...
"half as much as it used to be"
the amount 要用定语从句进行限定
used to: 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，之后的动词必须省略掉
used to be: 当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，之后必须带有系动词be.
I feel the summers are hotter that they used to be
I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.

(9)...d...
gain: 获利，赢得（表示通过努力）～time,～reputation,～speed,～height
fee: （为专业服务支付的）费用　doctor's ～s,the lawyer's ～s
pay for my university fees
payment: (商业、信贷）支付的款项（正式）
wages: (体力劳动者的）工资
salary: (白领的）薪水

(10)...b...
companion:同伴

（11)...c...
"well worth the loss of money"
pay back: 偿还，报复
reward：酬劳
value：价值
Compensate for=make up for:弥补

Vacabulary
（12)...a...
"call"
name: 命名
cry out:喊叫
shout: 喊