新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons28

可以用来表示人的关系代词有who，whom和that以及所有格形式whose，口语中whom经常由who代替。用来表示事物和动物的关系代词有which和that。不论这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以：

This is the photo (that/which) I took.

这是我拍的照片。（the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略）

The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.

我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。（who／whom为served的宾语，可省略）

The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.

接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。（who为关系从句的主语，不可省）

I bought the books which are on the counter.

我买的就是柜台上的那些书。（which为关系从句的主语，不可省）

The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.

有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。

（whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省）

The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.

接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。（who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变）

词汇学习 Word study

1．believe与believe in

动词believe的含义为“相信”、“认为”：

Do you believe that cats eat grass?

你相信猫吃草吗？

Are they at home?

他们在家吗？

I believe so.

我认为在。

believe in可以表示“信仰”、“相信……的存在”、“相信……的价值”：

I believe in God.

我信仰上帝。

He believes in ancient myths.

他相信古代神话。

这个短语还可以表示“信赖（人格、力量等）”：

I've never believed in John.

我从没有信赖过约翰。

试比较：

I believe him.

我相信他（的话）。（=I believe his words.）

2．because与 because of

because只能作连词用，后面接从句：

You can't remember his name, because you aren't really thinking.

你想不起他的名字是因为你没有真正努力去想。

I want to go home now, because I'm tired.

现在我想回家，因为我累了。

because of是介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词或代词。它既可以位于句首，也可以位于句子中间：

Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.

因为下雨，我们不得不呆在家里。

Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.

因为你的缘故，我们已把会议推迟了。

He came back early because of the rain.

由于下雨，所以他回来得早。

He is absent today because of his father's illness.

由于他父亲的病，他今天缺席。

3．can与 be able to

can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to：

He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.

他从来都没能把自己的车开进车库。（现在完成时）

I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons.

我上几次课后就能通过驾驶考试。（一般将来时）

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．关键句型练习答案

A has just bought(1.2)；has had(1.3)；has parked(1.4)；has not been able(1.5)；has put up(1.6)；have not had(1.7)；has put(1.8)；have ever seen(1.9)；has been turned(1.10)

2．难点练习答案

2 who/that  3 whose  4 which  6 that/which

3．多项选择题答案

1c  2d  3b  4b  5c  6d

7b  8d  9c  10d  11b  12a