新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons45

语法 Grammar in use

被动语态（4）

在第10课、第21课与第34课的语法中，我们学习了用于一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时中的被动语态、情态助动词与被动语态的连用以及动词+宾语+不定式结构中被动语态的使用等：

That table was made in 1970(by my grandfather).

那张桌子是1970年（由我的祖父）做的。

The rooms must be cleaned today.

这些房间今天必须要打扫干净。

John has been told not to go for a walk when the weather's like this.

约翰已被告知不要在这种天气出去散步。

I never expected the thief to be arrested.

我从没有指望小偷会被逮着。

表示过去发生的动作时，被动语态还可以用于过去完成时；用于完成时的被动语态也可以与情态助动词连用：

词汇学习 Word study

1．steal与rob

steal指“偷盗”、“窃取”，其行为通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不为别人所发觉；rob则指“抢夺”、“抢劫”，其行为通常是明目张胆的：

The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.

偷走我钱包的那个人把我的通讯录也拿走了。

I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.

当那人抢走我的包时，我的通讯录也没了。

Someone has stolen my bag from me.

有人把我的包偷走了。

They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.

他们冒着被逮捕的危险抢劫了那家银行。

注意 steal和 rob与介词的不同搭配：steal(sth.) from(sb./ some place)， rob(sb.) of(sth.)。

2．pay back

（1）偿还：

All Sam's money was paid back in this way.

萨姆全部的钱都用这样的方式还了回来。

Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.

昨天萨姆从我这里借了些钱，并说一周后还我。

（2）报答；向……报复：

You've been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?

你对我太好了。我如何报答你呢？

He embarrassed me at the party. I'll pay him back someday.

在晚会上他让我难堪了。总有一天我会报复他的。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．关键句型练习答案

A had been lost(11.1-2); must have been found(11.3-4); was not returned(1.4); had been wrapped(1.6); was sent (1.9); was paid back(1.10)

C 1 A meal has been prepared for you.

2 The book will be translated into English.

3 A telegram must be sent to him.

4 The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.

5 The cat was given some milk to drink.

2．难点练习答案

1 back  2 robbed… stole  3 back  4 stole  5 robbed

3．多项选择题答案

1 b  2 d  3 a  4 b  5 b  6 d

7 c  8 b  9 c  10 b  11 d  12 b