新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons71

语法 Grammar in use

复习第60～69课部分语法

通过这几课的语法学习，我们知道在表示将来时的句子中，要
在时间状语从句中使用现在时，同时也要在第1类条件句中用
现在时来表示；学习了将来完成进行时和过去完成进行时的形
式和用法；学习了第3类条件句、情态助动词 must, have to, should和ought to;学习了用于使役式的动词 have，以及用于介
词+动名词结构中的被动语态：

The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is born.

孩子出生以后，汤普森一家将搬到一套新的公寓去住。

By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.

到下星期此刻，我就已经为这家公司工作了20年了。（将来完成进行时通常要和某个时间状语连用，这个状语往往

表示“到／截止……时候”）

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近三个星期才最后把火势控制住。（过去完成进行时与将来完成进行时一样，也要有时间状语；它们都强调动作的持续性）

If I had worked harder at school, I'd have got a better job.

要是我上学时勤奋一些，我就会有较好的工作了。（第3 类条件句表示与事实相反的虚拟语气）

We should/ought to arrest him, but we shall let him off this time.

我们应该逮捕它，但这次我们饶了它。

He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

他本该知道警察绝不会允许这类事情发生。（should+ have+过去分词表示过去应该做或完成而没有做的事）

The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France.

法国政府让人把飞机包装起来，一部分一部分地搬回法
国。（have+名词／宾格代词+过去分词表示让别人为自
己做某事）

After being robbed, the man called the police.

那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。（after+动名词的被动
形式相当于时间状语从句，但主语必须一致）

词汇学习 Word study

1．official, employee与shop assistant

official指“官员”、“公务员”：

Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.

在他退休之前，杰里米一直是位政府／市政府官员。

A Customs official checked their passports.

一位海关官员检查了他们的护照。

official也可以指“高级官员”：

Bank officials get high salaries.

银行高级职员的工薪很高。

employee泛指“雇员”、“雇工”（包括各个层次的）：

In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which had seven hundred employees.

几年之后，小铺子已经发展成一个雇有700人的大工厂。

Later he became a government employee.

后来他成了一名公务员／政府雇员。

shop assistant在英国英语中表示零售店的“店员”（相当于美国英语中的salesclerk）：

The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。

2．hang, hung, hung与hang, hanged, hanged

当hang表示“悬挂”时，其过去式与过去分词均为hung：

A painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hand and slowed the clock down.

一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把针弄慢
了。

I'm hanging this picture on the wall.

我正把这幅画挂到墙上去。

当hang表示“绞死”、“吊死”或“上吊”时，其过去式、过去分词均为 hanged：

As he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.

他已杀了3个人，他应当被绞死。

I wonder why she hanged herself.

我纳闷／想知道她为何上吊自杀。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．关键句型练习答案

C 1 shall have been working

2 have finished

D 1 had to go

2 should/ought to buy

3 should/ ought to have telephoned

2．难点练习答案

1 shop assistant  2 hung  3 hanged 

3．多项选择题答案

1b  2d  3b  4b  5c  6c

7d  8b  9b  10c  11b  12a