新概念第三册自学导读 Lessons9

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

How do cats try to protect themselves when falling from great heights?

Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. They never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact.

Recently the New York Animal Medical Centre made a study of 132  cats over a period of five months. All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New Yorkis the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall, from! One cat, Sabrina, fell 32  storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth. ‘Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers, ’ a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hit the ground. New words and expressions生词和短语

fascinate（1. 1）/'$fisneit/v．迷住，吸引住

independence（1. 4）/?indi'pend+ns/n．独立，独立性

affectionate（1. 2）/+'fekM+int/adj．充满深情的，柔情的

high-rise（1. 12）/'hairaiz/adj．高层的

windowsill（1. 12）/'wind+(?sil/n．窗槛

mysterious（1. 2）/mi'sti+ri+s/adj．神秘的．难以理解的

paratrooper（1. 13）/'p$r+?tru:p+/n．伞兵

squirrel（1. 16）/'skwir+l/n．松鼠

submissive（1. 3）/s+b'misiv/adj．服从的，顺从的

air-resistance（1. 16）/'e+-ri'zist``+ns/n．空气阻力

feline（1. 4）/'fi:lain/adj．猫的

impact（1. 16）/'imp$kt/n．冲击力

Notes on the text课文注释

1  Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. 在这句话中有一个否定词 never和一个含有否定意义的动词 fail，这两个否定词就组成了双重否定，而双重否定往往用来表示肯定。这句话可以译成：“猫总能引起人们的极大兴趣。”

2  be based on，在……基础之上。

3  have in common，有共同之处。

4  the further cats fall,  the less they are likely to injure themselves，猫跌落的距离越长，它们就越不会伤害自己。“the +形容词或副词比较级…the +形容词或副词比较级”的结构常用来表示比较关系，往往可以译成“越……越……”。 be likely to是“很可能会”的意思。

参考译文

猫总能引起人们的极大兴趣。它们可以对人友好，充满柔情。但是，它们又有自己神秘的生活方式。它们从不像狗和马一样变得那么顺从。结果是人们已经学会尊重猫的独立性。在它们的一生中，大多数猫都对人存有戒心。最使我们感兴趣的一件事情就是一种通俗的信念——猫有九条命。显然，这种说法里面包含着许多真实性。猫在跌落时能够大难不死是有事实作为依据的。

最近，纽约动物医疗中心对132只猫进行了为期5个月的综合研究。所有这些猫都有一个共同的经历：它们都曾从高层建筑上摔下来过，但只有其中的8只猫死于震荡或跌伤。当然，纽约是进行这种有趣的试验的一个理想的地方，因为那里根本不缺乏高楼大厦，有的是高层的窗槛从上往下坠落。有一只叫萨伯瑞娜的猫从32层楼上掉下来，但只摔断了一颗牙。“猫就像训练有素的跳伞队员，”一位医生说。看起来，猫跌落的距离越长，它们就越不会伤害自己。在一个长长的跌落过程中，它们可以达到每小时60英里甚至更快的速度。在高速下落中，猫有时间放松自己。它们伸展开四肢，就像飞行中的松鼠一样。这样就加大了空气阻力，并减小了它们着地时冲击力带来的震动。

Summary writing摘要写作

In not more than 80 words describe the study of cats made by the New York Animal Medical Centre. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

Answer these questions in note form to get your points:

1  How many cats did the New York Animal Medical Centre make a study of?

2  What had all these cats done?

3  How many of these cats had been killed?

4  What happened to a cat called Sabrina?

5  What do cats do when falling at speeds of 60 miles an hour or more?

6  What effect does this have?

Vocabulary词汇

Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: affectionate (1. 2); as a result (1. 4); remain (1. 5); there is no shortage of (11. 11-12); behave (1. 13); injure (1. 14); increases (1. 16); reduces (1. 16).

Composition作文

Write an account of cats as pets. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words.

Human beings like to keep dogs and ... Dogs are ... , but cats like to ... Cats are especially lovable when they are still kittens. As kittens they ... That's how they learn to ... A lot of people keep cats so they ... As kittens grow into cats, they like to ... They like regular meal times and enjoy ... However, they also ... During the day time and at night they like to ... They often have fights with other cats. Sometimes during the night ... Cats are very clean animals. You often see them ...Human beings ... (88  words)

Letter writing书信写作

You borrowed a book from a friend but your baby tore some of the pages. Write a letter of about 80 words offering to replace it.  Supply a suitable Introduction and Conclusion.  Use the following ideas to write the Purpose: very sorry for what has happened --- had left book on low table ---- baby got hold of it ---- tore several pages ---- you have bought another book and are sending it.

Key structures关键句型

What always happens？一般现在时用于表示习惯性动作（IKS 74）（参见第2册第74课关键句型）

Exercises练习

A  Underline all the verbs in the text that describe general truths（simple present tense）.

B  Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.  Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise:

Most cats ______ __(remain)suspicious of humans all their lives.  One of the things that ______ (fascinate)us most about cats is the popular belief that they ______ _(have) nine lives. Apparently, there ______ (be) a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat's ability to survive falls ______ (base) on fact.

Special difficulties难点

… New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, (I. 11) 形容词的位置

Read these sentences:

This study of cats is so interesting.

It's such an interesting study.

These studies of cats are so interesting.

They're such interesting studies.

They found it so difficult to study the behaviour of cats.

They had such difficulty studying the behaviour of cats.