双语散文欣赏:培根《论嫉妒》

      Concerning those that are more or less subject to envy: First, persons of eminent virtue, when they are advanced, are less envied. For their fortune seemeth , but due unto them; and no man envieth the payment of a debt, but rewards and liberality rather. Again, envy is ever joined with the comparing of a man's self; and where there is no comparison, no envy; and therefore kings are not envied, but by kings. Nevertheless it is to be noted, that unworthy persons are most envied, at their first coming in, and afterwards overcome it better; whereas contrariwise, persons of worth and merit are most envied, when their fortune continueth long. For by that time, though their virtue be the same,yet it hath not the same lustre; for fresh men grow up that darken it.

      最后，近亲、同事、与同养之人，最容易在平辈腾达的时候嫉妒他们。因为这些腾达的人们可说是以他们底幸福显出了同辈底不良；指责了他们。并且这些腾达的人们入同辈底记忆之中较繁，同样地，惹他们底注意也较强；而嫉妒之心是由言谈及名声而倍增的。该隐对他兄弟亚伯的嫉妒是很卑劣，很凶恶的，因为当亚伯底供品被上帝看中的时候当场并没有人旁观。以上就是关于最易嫉人的人的话。

      Persons of noble blood, are less envied in their rising. For it seemeth but right done to their birth. Besides, there seemeth not much added to their fortune; and envy is as the sunbeams, that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising ground, than upon a flat. And for the same reason, those that are advanced by degrees, are less envied than those that are advanced suddenly and per saltum.

      贵胄在升显的时候不甚受嫉。因为那好象是他们本着家世而应得的权利。并且他们贵显了也不见得是在他们底幸福上添加了多少；而嫉妒心有如日光，它射在危岸或埈坂上是比射在平地上要热得多的。为了同一的原故，那些逐渐升高的人们较之那些突然腾达，一跃而跻于贵显之列的人们是少受人嫉妒的。

      Those that have joined with their honor great travels, cares, or perils, are less subject to envy. For men think that they earn their honors hardly, and pity them sometimes; and pity ever healeth envy. Wherefore you shall observe, that the more deep and sober sort of politic persons, in their greataess, are ever bemoaning themselves, what a life they lead; chanting a quanta patimur! Not that they feel it so, but only to abate the edge of envy. But this is to be understood, of business that is laid upon men, and not such, as they call unto themselves. For nothing increaseth envy more, than an unnecessary and ambitious engrossing of business. And nothing doth extinguish envy more, than for a great person to preserve all other inferior officers, in their full lightsand pre-eminences of their places. For by that means, there be so many screens between him and envy.

      那些把他们底荣耀与重大的劳苦、忧虑、或危险连在一处的人们是少受嫉妒的。因为人们认为这些人底荣耀是得来不易的，并且有时还可怜他们，而怜悯永远是治疗嫉妒的。因此你可以看到那较为深沉庄重的政界中人，在他们底崇高的地位中总是自嗟自叹，说他们度着何等不乐的生活，唱着一套“我们何等受苦”的歌曲。并不是他们感觉如此，而是要减少嫉妒心底锋铓。但是这种嗟叹所指的要是别人给他们加上的负担才行，不可指自己招来的事业。因为再没有比无必要而野心地专搅事业之更增人嫉妒者也。又，一个大人物若能使所有居下位者保持所有的权利和充分的身分，那就没有比这个更能消灭嫉妒的了。因为借着这种手段，在他与嫉妒之间可说是有了好几重障隔也。

      Above all, those are most subject to envy, which carry the greatness of their fortunes, in an insolent and proud manner; being never well, but while they are showing how great they are, either by outward pomp, or by triumphing over all opposition or competition; whereas wise men will rather do sacrifice to envy, in suffering themselves sometimes of purpose to be crossed, and overborne in things that do not much concern them. Notwithstanding, so much is true, that the carriage of greatness, in a plain and open manner (so it be without arrogancy and vain glory) doth draw less envy, than if it be in a more crafty and cunning fashion. For in that course, a man doth but disavow fortune; and seemeth to be conscious of his own want in worth; and doth but teach others, to envy him.

      最甚者，有些人用一种傲慢不恭的态度来处他们底大富贵，他们是最受嫉妒的。这些人总要表示自己底伟大——或以外表的煊赫，或以克服一切的反对与竞争——才觉得满意；而有智之人则宁可给嫉妒贡献点什么，有时在自己不甚关切的事件中故意让人阻挠或压倒。然而这又是真的，就是在若以一种朴素坦白的态度来处尊荣（只要是不带骄矜与虚荣），比用一种较为多诈而狡猾的态度要少受人嫉妒。因为在后一种举止里，一个人简直是表明他不配享受那种幸福并且还好象明白自己之无价值似的；由此他竟是教导别人来嫉妒自己了。

      Lastly, to conclude this part; as we said in the beginning, that the act of envy had somewhat in it of witchcraft, so there is no other cure of envy, but the cure of witchcraft; and that is, to remove the lot (as they call it) and to lay it upon another. For which purpose, the wiser sort of great persons, bring in ever upon the stage somebody upon whom to derive the envy, that would come upon themselves; sometimes upon ministers and servants; sometimes upon colleagues and associates; and the like; and for that turn there are never wanting, some persons of violent and undertaking natures, who, so they may have power and business, will take it at any cost.

      最后结束这一段的话：我们在起始既说嫉妒的行为，内中有点巫术的性质，那末要治嫉妒，除了治巫术的方法再没有别的方法；那就是除去那“妖气”（人们所谓的）而使之落于别人身上。为了这种目的，有些比较明哲多智的大人物，总要把某一个旁人，叫他登台露面，好教那本要落到自己身上的嫉妒心转到那些人身上去，有时这嫉妒落到属员或仆役身上；有时落到同事或同僚身上；诸如此类：而为了这种事情，永不会缺乏一些天性莽撞而好事的人的。这些人只要能得到权力和职务，什么代价也肯出的。