双语散文欣赏:培根《论嫉妒》

      Now, to speak of public envy. There is yet some good in public envy, whereas in private, there is none. For public envy, is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men, when they grow too great. And therefore it is a bridle also to great ones, to keep them within bounds.

      现在且说公妒。在为公的嫉妒中至少还有一点好处，在私妒中则是一点好处也没有的。因为公妒好譬一种希腊式的流刑，是在有些人变得太位高权重的时候压抑他们的。因此，公妒对于大人物们是一种控制物，可以使他们不至超越范围。这种公妒，拉丁语叫做invidia，今语叫做“公愤”；关于这个将来在论叛乱的一篇中再说。这是国家中的一种疾病，就象染毒一样。因为正如毒可以传染到本来健全的部分并使之受疾一样，在国家中如果生了“公愤”，这种心理将使国家最好的举措也蒙不洁，使这些举措变为恶臭。

      This envy, being in the Latin word invidia, goeth in the modern language, by the name of discontentment; of which we shall speak, in handling sedition. It is a disease, in a state, like to infection. For as infection spreadeth upon that which is sound, and tainteth it; so when envy is gotten once into a state, it traduceth even the best actions thereof, and turneth them into an ill odor. And therefore there is little won, by intermingling of plausible actions. For that doth argue but a weakness, and fear of envy, which hurteth so much the more, as it is likewise usual in infections; which if you fear them, you call them upon you.

      所以为政者若把得人心的举措与不得人心者相混而行之，是得不到什么益处的。因为那种办法不过表现一种懦弱，一种对嫉妒的畏惧，这种畏惧更于国家不利。这又如各种染毒常有的情形一样，你要是怕它们，你就不啻招致它们到你身上来了。

      This public envy, seemeth to beat chiefly upon principal officers or ministers, rather than upon kings, and estates themselves. But this is a sure rule, that if the envy upon the minister be great, when the cause of it in him is small; or if the envy be general, in a manner upon all the ministers of an estate; then the envy (though hidden) is truly upon the state itself. And so much of public envy or discontentment, and the difference thereof from private envy, which was handled in the first place.

      这种公愤好象是主要专攻那些重臣大吏而非反对帝制或共和本身似的。但是这是一条可靠的定律，就是假如对某大臣的公愤很深而这位大臣本身致之之道很微：或者这种公愤是遍及于一国中之各大臣者；那末这种公愤（虽然隐而不显）真是与国家不利的。以上就是关于公妒或公愤以及它与私妒底差别的话，关于私妒我们在先已说过了。

      We will add this in general, touching the affection of envy; that of all other affections, it is the most importune and continual. For of other affections, there is occasion given, but now and then; and therefore it was well said, Invidia festos dies non agit: for it is ever working upon some or other. And it is alsonoted, that love and envy do make a man pine, which other affections do not,because they are not so continual. It is also the vilest affection, and the most depraved; for which cause it is the proper attribute of the devil, who is called, the envious man, that soweth tares amongst the wheat by night; as it always cometh to pass, that envy worketh subtilly, and in the dark, and to the prejudice of good things, such as is the wheat.

      今再关于嫉妒这种情欲普遍地添说这几句：就是在一切的情欲中，嫉妒是最强求，最持久的。因为别的情欲底起因不过是偶而有之的；因此昔人说得好：“嫉妒永不休假”，因为它老是在这人或那人心上活动的。此外还有人注意到恋爱与嫉妒是使人消瘦的，而别的情欲则不致如此，因为它们不如爱与妒之持久。嫉妒也是最卑劣最堕落的情欲；所以嫉妒是魔鬼底本来的特质。魔鬼是被叫做“那个在夜间在麦子中种植稗子的嫉妒者”的；因为嫉妒是以诡计并且是在暗中行事的，又常于好的事物如麦子者不利。这永远是如此的。