让你10分钟了解中国

What is China ?

The People's Republic of China,commonly known as China,is located in east Asia, and borders 14 nations or any other county in the world.

It is the most populous state in the world with a 1.3 billion citizens,while the world's population is 6.8 billion.That means other every 5 people in the world,one is Chinese.

China's made of 56 distinctive(显著的，特殊的) ethnic groups(民族)with Han Chinese making the 92% of its whole population.

China is a single party state govemed by the Communist Party of China,whose power is enshrined in Chinese constitution.

Though China is officially an atheist country,its religious roots lie within Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,and from these most social and moral values are derived(衍生，起源_).There are also a significant number of Chinese Muslims,who arrived via the silk road trade route and still retain (保持，保留)their distinct culture.

History

China is one of the world oldest civilizations,dating back more than 5 million year and was ruled by successive(持续的) dynasties until 1912.

During these time,many great discoveries in tields(领域) of science and technology were made,including the inventions of printing,paper,gun power and compass.

This period also saw the construction of many landmarks such as the great wall which streches(延伸，扩展)over 4000 miles,equals to 30 return travels from London to Paris.

After a period of foreign occupation and civil war(内战),the Communist Party of China led by Mao gained control of mainland China in 1949 and established PRC.

The modern China of today is as much shaped by its past as its rapidly looking to the future.While many of its big cities are comparable to(类似) any in the wast,the underlying culture is still vastly different.Traveling outside large urban areas also highlights(使显著) the growing disparity between rich and poor(贫富差距).

Language

Chinese which is the most widely spoken language in the world as well as one of the most impenetrable(难以理解的)for foreigners.There are many regional dialects of Chinese although the most widely spoken is Mandarin(普通话) and Cantonese(粤语).

Chinese characters(汉字) evolved over time from earlier forms of hieroglyphs(象形文字). Chinese contains over 40,000 characters,but a well-educated person can recongnize around 6000 characters,some 3000 are required to read a newspaper.

Chinese calendar

Chinese Zodiac(十二宫图)'s a scheme(计划、方案) that relates each year to an animal.This is the year of the rabbit.

Chinese new year is the most important of traditional Chinese holidays.Windows and doors will be decorated with red color paper-cuts(剪纸) and couplets with popular themes of happiness,wealth,and longevity(长寿).On the Eve of Chinese New Year,supper is a feast with families.The family will end the night with firecrackers.Early the next morning,children will meet their parents by wishing them a healthy and happy new year,and receive money in red paper envelops

Chinese people love red color,which symbolizes prosperity(繁荣) and good luck.

The period around Chinese new year is also the time of the largest human migration and between 150 and 200 million migrant workers(农民工) in China bring home their earnings and go to have a unit dinner with their families on Chinese new year eve.

Youth

Most married couples in China are subjected to one child policy,which is introduced in 1979 to curb(控制) massive(大量的)population growth.It is believed to have prevented more than 300 million births since then.

Another consequence of the policy has been the emergence(出现) of so called "little emperors",a generation of self-centered consumers has developed.

While Chinese education system has rapidly developed,there remains a heavy emphasis(重点) on passing exams.The upshot of this is that exams dictate the curriculum(课程) while Chinese students can master and memorize incredible amounts of knowledge and information,they often lack the ability to critically think,develop their own opinions,and engage in creative activities.(批判思维，独立思考和创新能力).

Due to the propensity for preferring sons over daughters,China is facing a large population imbalance with currently around 120 boys born for every 100 girls.By 2020,there will be 30 million more men than women.

Economy

Since economic opening up and reform policy began in 1978,China's economy has grown 90 times bigger,and is the fastest growing major economy in the world.China's annual average GDP growth is predicted to be 9.5 percent for the period of 2011-2015.It is the world's largest exporter and the second largest importer of goods.

It is also known as the world's second biggest consumer of luxury goods.

It now has the world's second largest GDP at about 6 trillion US dollars,40 percent of the United States.Aothough its per capita income a 4300 US dollar is still low,and purs the China behind roughly a hundred countries.

China's growth has been uneven(不均衡) when comparing different geographic regions and rural and urban areas.Development has also been mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal regions,while the remainder of this country are left behind.

In the past decade,Chinese cities expanded at an average rate of 10 percent annually,a scale uNPRecedented in human history.

China is a country crazy for skyscrapers to show its economic booming.More than 200 skyscrapers are being built now.Within next 3 years,there will be one skyscrapers completed every five days in China,which will make the total 800 in five years in time,4 times as many in the States.

China is the world's factory.One out of every three household appliances(家电)/three toys/two pairs of shoes/two shirts are made in China.It has now become the world''s largest energy consumer,but relies on coal to supply about 70 percent of energy needs.Leading Chinese environmental campaigners have warned that water pollution is one of the most serious threats facing China now.Yet with 34.6 billion US dollars invested in clean technology in 2009,China is the world's leading investor renewable energy technologies.China produces more wind turbines and solar panels(太阳能电池板) each year than any other country in the world.