5分钟了解英国：超语速解析英国历史

To understand how they are connected, we need to talk about the Crown. Not the physical crown that sits behind glass in the Tower of London and earns millions of tourist pounds for the UK, but the Crown as a complicated legal entity best thought of as a one-man corporation.
为了理解这些国家如何联系在一起，我们要谈谈英国的王权问题。并不是放在伦敦塔里面的实体王冠，尽管它每年带来几百万镑的旅游收入，而是作为一个复杂法律实体的王位自身，它也可以被认为是一个单独的“法人”。

Who created this corporation?
谁创立了这个位置？

God Did.
上帝。

According to British Tradition all power is vested in God, and the monarch is crowned in a Christian ceremony. God however — not wanting to be bothered with micromanagement — conveniently delegates his power to an entity called the Crown. While this used to be the physical crown in the Tower of London, it evolved over time into a legal corporation sole, able to be controlled only by the ruling monarch.
根据英国传统，一切权利归于上帝，国王会在一个基督教仪式上被加冕。但是，上帝并不想管这些治理国家的小事，于是他就方便地把权利授予了一个实体——王位。过去的它的确指的是伦敦塔里面的那顶王冠。随着时间推移，它抽象成为一个由君主掌握的，独立的法律实体。

It’s a useful reminder that the United Kingdom is still technically a theocracy with the reigning monarch acting as both the head of state and the supreme governor of the official state religion: Anglicanism.
值得一提的是，英国在理论上还是一个神权国家。在位的国王既是国家元首，也是英国国教的最高领袖。

Such are the oddities that arise when dealing with a thousand-year-old Monarchy.
以上就是这个传承千年的王位的小知识。

Back to Canada and the rest: The former colonies that gained their independence through diplomacy and continue to recognize the authority of the Crown are known as the Commonwealth Realm.
回到加拿大和其他国家：这些前殖民地通过外交途径获得独立，同时继续承认英国君主的权威，他们被称为英联邦国家。

They are, in decreasing order of population: Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Jamaica, the Solomon Islands, Belize, the Bahamas, Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Tuvalu.
他们包括（按照人口数降序排列）：加拿大、澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、新西兰、牙买加、所罗门群岛、伯利兹、巴哈马群岛、巴巴多斯、圣卢西亚岛、圣文森特岛、格林那丁斯、安提瓜和巴布达、圣基茨及尼维斯，图瓦卢。

All are independent nations but still recognize the monarch(y) as the head of state, even though it has little real power within their borders.
这些独立国家仍然承认英国君主为国家元首，尽管女王在这些国家几乎没有实权。

There are three further entities that belong to the Crown, and these are the Crown Dependencies: The Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey.
还有三个国家是女王直属的，被称为国家的自治领：英国属地曼岛、泽西岛和根西岛。

Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they are not considered independent nations, but are granted local autonomy by the Crown and British Citizenship by the United Kingdom — though the UK does reserve the right to overrule the laws of their local assemblies.
不像英联邦国家，它们并不被认为是独立国家，而是被英女王授予自治权，拥有英国公民的身份。虽然英国还有推翻自治政府法案的权利。

Are we all done now?
我们都讲完了吗？

Almost, but not quite. There are still a couple of loose threads, such as this place: The tiny city of Gibraltar on the Southern Cost of Spain, famous for its rock, its monkeys and for causing diplomatic tension between the United Kingdom and Spain.
差不多，但还有一点。还是有一些漏网之鱼，像这个地方：位于西班牙南部海岸的小城直布罗陀，以岩石和猴子闻名，同时也引发了英国和西班牙的外交紧张。

Or what about the Falkland Islands? Which caused so much tension between the United Kingdom and Argentina that they went to war over them.
还有福克兰（马尔维纳斯）群岛又怎样？它导致了英国和阿根廷严重的冲突，引发了马岛战争。

These places belong in the last group of Crown Properties, known as British Overseas Territories. But their former name ‘Crown Colonies’ gives away their origins. They are the last vestiges of the British Empire.
以下这些地区是英国皇家直属，被称为英国海外直属领。但是它们之前的名字——皇家直辖殖民地——泄露了底细。他们是大英帝国最后的残骸。

Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they have not become independent nations and continue to rely on the United Kingdom for military and sometimes economic assistance. Like the Crown Dependencies, everyone born within their borders is a British Citizen.
不像英联邦国家，他们不是独立国家，而在军事上，经济上也依赖英国援助。与自治领相同，出生在直属领的人都有英国公民身份。

The Crown Colonies are, in decreasing order of population: Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Gibraltar, the British Virgin Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Saint Helena, the Ascension Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Montserrat, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the Falkland Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and the Pitcairn Islands.
皇家直辖殖民地包括（人口降序排列）：百慕大群岛、开曼群岛、特克斯和凯科斯群岛、直布罗陀、英属维尔京群岛、安圭那岛、塞浦路斯英属区、圣赫勒拿岛、阿松森群岛、特里斯坦-达库尼亚群岛、蒙特色拉特岛、英属印度洋领地、南乔治亚岛、南三明治群岛、福克兰群岛、英属南极属地和皮特凯恩群岛。

For our final Venn diagram, the United Kingdom is a country situated on the British Isles and is part of the Crown which is controlled by the monarch(y).
最后复习一下：英国是一个位于不列颠群岛的国家，也是英国王室所执掌的领土的一部分。

Also part of the Crown and the British Isles are the Crown Dependencies. The independent nations of the former empire that still recognize the Crown are the Commonwealth Realm, and the non-independent remnants of the former empire are the British Overseas Territories.
其他部分包括皇家自治领，而由英帝国独立出来的，承认英国君主统治的国家是英联邦国家。剩下那些没有独立的前殖民地，则是英国海外领地。

Thank you very much for watching.
非常感谢您的收看。