世银行长金墉在乔治．华盛顿大学演讲

Just six months ago, our board endorsed the two goals of the World Bank Group: the first is to end extreme poverty by 2030; the second is to boost shared prosperity by promoting real income growth for the bottom 40 percent of the population.
仅仅半年前，我们的董事会批准了世界银行集团的两大目标：第一个目标是到2030年终结极度贫困；第二个目标是促进收入最低的40%的人口实际收入的增长，推动共享繁荣。

How does this relate to the situation on the ground in the Middle East and in other poor countries? The goal of ending extreme poverty stands on its own as the moral underpinning of all that we do. The fact that more than a billion people live on less than a dollar, 25 a day in 2013 is a stain on our moral conscience. We must help lift people out of poverty without delay, without prejudice, no matter the circumstance, no matter the locale.
怎样把这两个目标与中东及其他贫困国家的现实情况联系起来？终结极度贫困的目标本身就是我们所做的一切工作的道德基础。在2013年的今天还有10多亿人每天生活费不到1.25美元，这是我们道德良心上的一个耻辱。我们必须帮助人民摆脱贫困，一刻不能耽搁，不带任何成见，不管是何种情况、什么地方。

Our second goal of boosting shared prosperity is more complex, but relevant to the entire world. The protests during the Arab Spring, and the more recent ones in Turkey, Brazil, and South Africa were rooted in the universal desire to participate in the global middle class.
我们促进共享繁荣的第二个目标更为复杂，但也与全世界都直接相关。阿拉伯之春期间的抗议活动，以及最近在土耳其、巴西和南非发生的抗议活动，都植根于一种跻身全球中产阶级的普遍愿望。

Today, leaders around the world realize that boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent is becoming more and more critical to ensure stability. It used to be that much of this discontent boiled under the surface. But social media has created an enormous “virtual middle class,” as Thomas Friedman has called it, who will continue to knock on, and then break down, the door of opportunity.
今天，世界各国的领导人都意识到，促进底层40%的人口共享繁荣对于确保稳定变得日益重要。在过去，许多不满情绪在社会表层下沸腾。但社交媒体创造了一个巨大的、被托马斯·弗里德曼称为“虚拟的中间阶层”的群体，这个阶层会继续叩响然后打破机遇之门。

The lesson is that we should pay much more attention to whether growth reaches all the population, and not just the elite. One way to do so is by looking beyond the overall GDP growth; we need to directly monitor income gains among the bottom 40 percent. Economic progress must also be environmentally and financially sustainable over generations.
一个教训是我们应当更多地关注增长是否惠及全体人民而不仅仅是特权阶层。要做到这一点，一个办法就是不能只看总体的GDP增长指标；我们需要直接监测底层40%的收入增长。经济进步还需要在环境上和财政上具有可持续性，延续到子孙后代。

So how can incomes of the less fortunate increase in a sustained way? There is more than one path to shared prosperity. One path is through increased opportunities driven by greater economic growth. Another is through a stable social contract, which focuses on raising the living standards of the poor and the disadvantaged. Both paths can lead to improved opportunities for citizens if societies can become more dynamic and productive with greater room for social mobility.
那么怎样才能以持续的方式增加贫困人口的收入呢？通向共同繁荣的路不止一条。一条路是通过经济增长创造更多机会。另一条路是通过稳定的社会契约，重点提高贫困弱势人群的生活水平。如果社会更有活力，有更高的生产力，为社会流动性提供更大空间，那么这两种道路就都能为公民带来更多更好的机会。

Reaching our first goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030 will not only be historic. It will be extraordinarily difficult. Today, our economists estimate that the number of poor people hovers at just over one billion people, or 150 million fewer than in 2010.
达到我们的第一项目标——到2030年终结极度贫困——不仅仅是具有历史意义的，而且是异常困难的。今天，我们的经济学家估计贫困人口的人数徘徊在略稍高于10亿，比2010年少1.5亿。

We are making progress, but nothing is assured in this battle, and it will get much tougher the closer we get to the goal. Global growth could be slower than historic trends. Disasters driven by a changing climate could reverse years of development success. Investors could become even more skittish. Long-term financing for much needed infrastructure – already scarce – could dry up.
我们正在取得进步，但在这场斗争中没有什么是确定无疑的，而且我们越是接近目标，困难也会越大。全球增长速度可能会低于历史趋势。气候变化造成的灾害可能扭转多年的发展成果。投资者有可能会变得胆小。基础设施建设急需的长期融资已很稀缺，还有可能枯竭。

At the World Bank Group, our two goals require us to deliver results for people. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, our goals must be “transformed from thin paper to thick action.” What will we do—all of us—to translate our plans into effective action to end poverty?
在世界银行集团，这两大目标要求我们为人们取得切实成效。马丁·路德·金博士曾经说过，我们的目标必须“从一页薄纸变为脚踏实地的行动”。我们将如何将计划转化为终结贫困的有效行动呢？