搞定省略难题的经典方法

二、常识语境法

常识语境法指的是，同学们在补充省略成分时要充分考虑句子本身的语境，有时还要结合一定的生活常识和学科常识，即补充完整的句子不仅要符合语法，而且要符合情理。如：

1. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _________love her or more than she loves _________?”

A. you, me      B. she, you     C. I, me       D. I, you

分析：做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为 You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意为“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？”，所以答案应选A。若选其他答案，从语法上也是对的，但不合情理(from www.hxen.net)。

2. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _________IQ.

A. a high            B. a higher       C. the higher     D. the highest

分析：此题答案为B。此句实为Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选A)：

(1) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _________ voice.

A. a better           B. a best           C. the better       D. the best

(2) “I’ve never found _________ job.” “Congratulations.”

A. a better           B. a best           C. the better       D. the best

(3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldn’t have found _________ place.”

A. a better           B. a best          C. the better          D. the best

(4) How cold it is! We’ve never had _________ day this winter.

A. a colder           B. a cold          C. the coldest      D. the colder

三、一致验证法

所谓一致验证法，即指在补充省略成分时，要注意考虑句子结构的前后一致性，此法尤其适合于做因承前省略而拟编的试题。如：

1. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If _________, you’ll have to wait till Friday.

A. not                B. can’t                 C. don’t             D. won’t

分析：答案应选A。if not为if I can’t fix it tomorrow 之省略。其中的if I can’t fix it tomorrow与前面的 I can fix it tomorrow一致。注意，此题不能选B，因为句子已省略了主语。下面请再看一个类似的例子：

If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.

A. not, not          B. no, no           C. not, no          D. no, not

此题应选A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意为“如果天气好, 我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。

2. They are different in form but _________ in meaning.

A. not                  B. no               C. aren’t             D. don’t

分析：答案选A，but not in meaning为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。又如：

(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _________.

A. killing             B. to kill            C. killed               D. kill

答案选C，but the mother killed 为 but the mother was killed 之省略。

(2) The apartment’s fine for two people, but _________.

A. no more           B. no any      C. not more         D. not any

答案选C，but not more 为 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。