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英语代词用法详解·不定代词

2009-09-03来源:和谐英语
9. few 和 a few

(1) few 形式上肯定,意义上是否定,其意为“很少”、“几乎没有”;a few 表示肯定意义,其意为“几个”、“一些”。两者都必须修饰或代替复数可数名词,在句子中可用作主语、宾语、定语等。如:

Few apples remained on the tree. 树上没什么苹果了。

A few apples remained on the tree. 树上还剩有几个苹果。

(2) few前若使用了定冠词、物主代词或其他限定词,则不表否定意义。如:

He was among the few who have read it. 他是少数读过它的人之一。

Her few possessions were sold after herdeath. 她那点儿财产死后就被卖掉了。

Some few of the survivors are still living. 当时幸免于难的人有几个人还活着。

【说明】以下几个短语,形式不同,意义大致相同:

quite a few=a good few=not a few=不少,相当多

10. little 和a little

little 形式上肯定而意义上是否定,其意为“很少”、“几乎没有”;a little表示肯定意义,其意为“一些”、“一点”。两者均只用于修饰不可数名词,在句子中可做主语、宾语、定语及状语等。如:

I have little spare time. 我很少有空余时间。

I have a little spare time. 我有一点点空余时间。

We know little about his life. 我们对他的生世几乎一无所知。

We know a little about his life. 我们对他的生世知道一点点。

注意:(from www.hxen.net)

不要弄错以下几个短语的意思:what little=仅有的一点;a little=a little bit=少许,少量的;not a little 不少的,相当多的

11. 复合不定代词

复合不定代词由some, any, every, no 与 body, one, thing构成,如somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等。在具体使用时注意以下几点:

(1) 含some的复合不定代词与含any的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别相似。

(2) 复合代词后习惯上不接表示范围的of 短语,但分开写的any one, every one 等却可以接 of 短语。如:

Every one of us agrees to stay. 我们每个人都同意留下。

(3) 修饰复合不定代词的形容词必须置于其后。如:

Has anything special happened? 发生什么特别的事情了吗? (from www.hxen.net)

Can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 你看见在远处有个什么红色的东西漂浮在水上吗?

(4) 指代something, anything, nothing, everything等指事的复合不定代词 it,不用 they;指代someone, anyone, everyone, somebody, somebody, anybody, nobody 等指人的复合不定代词时可用单数 he, him, his(较正式)也可用复数 they, them, their(非正式)。如:

Everything went according to plan, didn’t it? 一切都是按计划进行,是吗?

Someone has left his [their] umbrella here. 有人把伞忘在这儿了。

someone (= somebody)与anyone (= anybody) 有时指:重要人物,要员。

(5) 注意以下习语

anything but 决不                              nothing but 只有,仅仅

nothing else than 只不过,仅有          nothing less than 不亚于,完全

nothing like 没有什么能比得上           nothing more or less than 不多不少

nothing more than 仅仅                       something like 大约,有几分像

something of 有几分像                       something or other 某事物