零基础英语语法:代词相关语法知识详解
六、疑问代词
1. 意义与用法
英语中用于表达疑问的代词叫疑问代词,它主要用于构成特殊疑问句。常见的疑问代词有who(谁), whom(谁), whose(谁的), which(哪一个), what(什么)等,它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
句中的疑问代词who用作主语。
What did you have for supper? 你晚饭吃什么?
句中的疑问代词what用作动词have宾语。
Whose painting won the first prize? 谁的画赢得头奖?
句中的疑问代词whose用作定语,用以修饰名词painting。
2. who与whom
从理论上说,who是主格,用作主语,whom是宾格,用作宾语,但是在现代英语中,当用作宾语的whom用于句首时,也常可用who来代替。如:
Who [Whom] did you see at the party? 你在晚会上见到谁了?
句中的疑问代词whom是用作动词see的宾语的,按理说应用whom,但这里也可用who代替它。不过,如果是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom,不能用who。如:
To whom were you speaking? 你刚才在跟谁说话?
这是一种比较正式的说法,在口语中一般会说成:
Whom [Who] were you speaking to? 你刚才在跟谁说话?
3. what, which与who
从用法上看,which和what可用作定语,修饰其后的名词,但who不能这样用。如:
Which [What] train did you come on? 你是坐哪次火车来的?
what和 which的区别是:当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,一般要用which;当选择的范围比较大或不明确时,一般要用what。如:
Which country do you come from,
What country do you come from? 你是哪国人?
但是,对于who来说,不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。如:
Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?
Who is your favorite film star? 你最喜欢的电影明星是谁?
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