七组替代词的用法区别

七组替代词的用法区别

■ 替代词it与one的区别

一般说来，it表特指，相当于“the+名词”，表示与前面提到的事物为同一物；one表泛指，相当于“a+名词”，表示与前面提到的人或事物为同类，但并非同一。比较：

I can’t find my pen. Have you seen it? 我找不到我的钢笔了，你看到过它吗？

I can’t find my pen. I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的钢笔了，我想我得去买一支。

另外，注意it与the one的区别：虽然it和the one均表特指，但it后不能接定语短语或定语从句，而the one后面则通常要接定语短语或定语从句。如：

My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。

He was the one who told the police. 告诉警察的就是他。

■ 替代词one与the one的区别

one用作替代词主要用于替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表泛指；若需特指，则用the one。两者均可受定语短语或定语从句的修饰。如：

A fast train is one that goes fast. 快车是一种行驶快的火车。

The accident was similar to one that happened in 2005. 这个事故与发生在2005年的事故类似。

Open the drawer on the left, the one with a key in it. 打开左边的抽屉，上面有钥匙的那个。

Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。

I want very much to see these films, especially the one you mentioned. 我很想看这些电影，特别是你提到的那一部。

■ 替代词the one与that的区别

the one与that均可表特指（均为单数意义），前者可用于指人或指事物，但只用于替代单数可数名词；而后者只用于事物，但可用于替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。如：

He said he would have the one near him. 他说他要靠近他的那一个。

You’re the one who knows where to go. 只有你知道该到哪里去。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

■ 替代词ones与the ones的区别

ones主要用于替代复数名词，表泛指；若需特指，则用the ones。如：

If you haven’t got a big plate, two small ones will do. 如果没有大盘子，两个小盘子也行。

We still have shortcomings, and very big ones too. 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。

Do you know the ones who moved here recently? 你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?

The top front teeth are the ones which are most at risk from tooth decay. 上门齿是最容易受到腐蚀的牙齿(www.hxen.net)。

■ 替代词that与those的区别

1. that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，表特指。如：

A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

2. those用作替代词主要用于替代复数名词，表特指。如：

It’s up to us to help those in need. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。