使用代词one的若干用法注意
使用代词one的若干用法注意
一、基本用法归纳
1. 用于泛指人们或任何人,包括说话人和听话人,其用法与表泛指的you相似。如:
One must believe in something. 人一定要有信仰。
One shouldn’t be too hard on oneself. 一个人不能对自己太苛刻。
One always thinks other people’s lives are more interesting. 人们总是认为别人的生活更加有趣。
在美国英语里,如果one用在句首,后面提到这个one时常常用he, him 和his,但在英国英语里则仍用one。如:
One cannot succeed at this unless he [one] tries hard. 除非你很努力,否则这事就成功不了。
2. 用于表示某个不确定的人或事物,其意相当于“不定冠词+名词”。如:
I’d like one with a garden. 我想要一座带花园的。(其中的one相当于a house等)
He talks to one like a teacher. 他和人谈话就像个老师似的。(其中的one相当于a person, a man等)
3. 表示两个或多个中的“一个”。如:
One of my weaknesses is smoking too much. 我的缺点之一是抽烟太多。
Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack. 这里有两本书,一本给玛丽,一本给杰克。
One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains. 一个人会喜欢在海滨度假,而另一个人会喜欢在山里度假。
On its face, it has three hands. One is short, the other two are long. 其上有三根针,一根短,另两根长。
4. 用于习语one after the other或one after another,其意为“一个接一个地”“依次地”“陆续地”。如:
Planes took off one after another. 飞机陆续起飞。
The boy showed me his dirty hands one after the other. 那男孩把他脏兮兮的手依序伸给我看。
5. 用于习语on the one hand...on the other (hand)...,其意为“一方面……另一方面……”。如:
On the one hand he suffered a heavy loss, but on the other hand he learned a great deal from the experience. 一方面,他蒙受了极大的损失;另一方面,他则由此教训学到很多经验。
二、有关的语法说明
1. one只能代替可数名词,其意相当于“a / an +可数名词”。如:
I’m looking for a jacket. I’d like one with a bag. 我正在找一件夹克,我想要件带兜的。
one有复数形式ones。如:
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 绿苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
注意,用one(s)来代替不可数名词是错误的。如:
不要用奶粉,要用这鲜奶。
误:Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh one.
正:Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh (milk).
如果你没有鲜奶油,我就要罐头的吧。
误:If you haven’t got fresh cream, I’ll take tinned one.
正:If you haven’t got fresh cream, I’ll take tinned (cream).
另外,用one代替抽象名词也很少见。如下面一句中的the English system最好不要换成the English one:
The Dutch grammatical system is very similar to the English system. 荷兰语的语法体系与英语语法体系十分相似。
2. 在a…one这类表达中,one前面原则上应有形容词,否则就应省去不定冠词。如:
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,想找一座小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,我想要一座带花园的。(不能说:... a one with a garden.)