中考英语考查定语从句的六大考点
中考英语考查定语从句的六大考点
定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目,同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题,定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面:一是考查指物的关系代词的用法,二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外,它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面,但相对考得比较少。
一、考查指物的关系代词的用法(重点)
当先行词为指物的名词或代词时,引导定语从句的关系代词应用that或which,这是各地中考英语命题涉及最多的一个知识点。如:
1. People often like clothes ______ can make them look young.(湖南株洲中考题)
A. when B. who C. that
分析:C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词clothes(衣服)是“物”,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that,故选C。
2. The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.(江苏南京中考题)
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
分析:D。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词dictionary(词典)是“物”,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that,故选D。
3. The little boy was wrapping the present ______ would be sent to his teacher.(呼和浩特中考题)
A. who B. / C. what D. that
分析:D。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词present(礼物)是“物”,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that,故选D。
4. —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the ring ______ my husband bought me last year.(山东滨州中考题)
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
分析:A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词ring(戒指)是“物”,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that,故选A。
二、考查指人的关系代词的用法(重点)
当先行词为指人的名词或代词时,引导定语从句的关系代词应用that, who, whom——that和who可用作主语或宾语,而whom只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点(从数量上看,比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些)。如:
1. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.(山东泰安中考题)
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
分析:A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词people(人们)是“人”,同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语,所以要用who,故选A。
2. Most students like the teachers ______ understand them well. (浙江嘉兴中考题)
A. who B. when C. what D. which
分析:A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词teachers(教师)是“人”,同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语,所以要用who,故选A。
3. Success will belong to those ______ never say “impossible”.(河南中考题)
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
分析:C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词those(那些人)是“人”,同时在定语从句中作主语,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who,故选A。
4. —Do you know the girl ______ is helping the old woman.
—Oh, that’s my sister. (贵州黔东南州中考题)
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
分析:C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词girl(女孩)是“人”,同时在定语从句中作主语,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who,故选A。
三、考查that与which的用法区别(一般重要)
虽然关系代词that和which都可用于引导定语从句,但是它们有一定的区别:
1. 当关系代词直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which(而不用that)。如:
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。
2. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时,通常用that(而不用which)。如:
All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辞了。
They have everything that money can buy. 他们拥有金钱所能买到的一切。
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that(而不用which)。如:
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
4. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that(而不用which)。如:
This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
5. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that(而不用which)。如:
6. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that(而不用which)。如:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
请看以下真题实例:
One of the most delicious drinks ______ I like is orange juice. (湖北十堰中考题)
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
分析:B。句中的先行词是drinks(饮料),指“物”,按理说,此题选A和B均可。但事实上,此题只能选B,原因就是先行词drinks之前有最高级(the most delicious)修饰。
四、考查whose的用法(偶尔涉及)
关系代词whose在定语从句中主要用作定语,表示它所修饰的名词与先行词之间为所属关系。如:
There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
值得注意的是,whose既可指人,也可指物,不要误以为它只用于指人。请看一道真题实例:
—There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?
—The one ______ hat is yellow.(湖北随州中考题)
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
分析:B。由于空格处所填的关系代词用作定语修饰hat,故选B。“The one whose hat is yellow.”的意思是“戴黄色帽子的那个(是我的妹妹)”。