英语定语从句考点及命题规律分析

英语定语从句考点及命题规律分析

1. 考查which引导的非限制性定语从句

which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。如：

(1) By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

A. who                  B. which                C. what                  D. that

答案为B。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中用作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。

(2) Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, _______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.

A. that                   B. which                C. who                   D. where

答案为B。which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的China’s restaurant。

2. 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如：

(1) _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. When               B. After                  C. As                         D. Since

答案为。as 引导定语从句，其意为“正如”。

(2) _______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which              B. When                C. What                 D. As

答案为D。解析：引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案分别为CBD。

3. 考查由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词主要是which或whom，不能是that；其中的介词则要根据句子中的相关搭配来确定。如：

(1) He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing University.

A. after which      B. after that           C. in which           D. in that

答案为A。after which中的which指“他在当地一所高中接受教育”，after which的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后(即高中毕业之后)”。

(2) She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

A. after which      B. from which       C. from that           D. after that

答案为A。after which在此引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and after that。又如：This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点时我做这件事，之后我就坐在那里看报。

 

 

 

5. 考查由…of which引导的定语从句

这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与部分的关系。如：

(1) It is reported that two schools, _______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.

A. they both         B. which both       C. both of them    D. both of which

答案为D。both of which are being built in my hometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的two schools。

(2) We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _______ are healthy.

A. that                   B. which                C. what                  D. whom

答案为D。由于先行词为so many people，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。其中的of表示整体与部分的关系，most of whom意为“他们当中的大多数”。

4. 考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句

关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、时间状语和原因状语。如：

(1) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______ sight matters more than hearing.

A. when                B. whose               C. which                D. where

答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词activity。句意为：那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

(2) The book was written in 1946, _______ the education system has witnessed great charges.

A. when                B. during which   C. since then        D. since when

答案为D。since when中的when指1946，since when指的是since 1946，即指“自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为and since then，则可选C。

5. 考查whose 引导的定语从句

此时要注意三点：(1) whose 引导的定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成“whose+名词”；(2) whose 引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物；(3) whose 引导的定语从句指物时，可用 of which 代替whose，但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +名词+of which。如：

(1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______ effects the people are still suffering.

A. that                   B. whose               C. those                 D. what

答案为B。whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。

(2) George Orwell, _______was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

A. the real name B. what his real name

C. his real name D. whose real name

答案为D。whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。

6. 考查分隔式定语从句

即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语，直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来。如：

(1) The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until                  B. that                    C. when                D. where

答案为C。先行词是the hours，back to me 是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分。

(2) It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that                   B. while                 C. which                D. when

答案为D。定语从句修饰的先行词是an exciting moment。

 

 

 

7. 考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句

能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语的that, which, whom, who等，且只限于限制性定语从句中。另外，the way后接定语从句修饰时，也可省略关系代词。如：

(1)—Why does she always ask you for help?

—There is no one else _______, is there?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn                            D. for her to turn

答案为B。先行词是no one else，定语从句she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom或who。值得指出的是，本句还可以写成to whom she can turn。

(2) What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it.

A. the way            B. in the way that

C. in the way       D. the way which

答案为A。考查the way后接定语从句的用法。the way后接定语从句有三种用法：用in which引导；用that引导；省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。

8. 考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用

(1) He is the only one of the students who _______ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is                       B. are                     C. have been       D. has been

此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先行词。代词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；但此处the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句子中因为有状语for three years，要用现在完成时，所以综合判断后答案只能是D。

(2) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _______ I will always treasure.

A. that                   B. one                    C. it                         D. what

答案为B。题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，同时也是先行词，其后就是一个定语从句，I always treasure前省略了作宾语的关系代词that，treasure在这里是及物动词，意思是“铭记，珍藏”。