those用作先行词时后接定语从句的四大类型

those用作先行词时后接定语从句的四大类型

一、those who型

当代词 those 后接定语从句时，定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如：

Those who earn most pay most tax. 挣钱最多的人交税也最多。

Thanks are due to all those who helped. 向所有帮过忙的人表示感谢。

Thanks are due to all those who took part. 向所有参加的人表示感谢。

We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。

Apologies to those of you who wrote in to complain. 向那些写信来投拆的人致歉。

Life goes on for those of us who remain here below. 对于我们凡人来说，生活依旧。

This statue commemorates those who died in the war. 这座雕像是纪念战争死难者的。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.  只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。

Early settlers paved the way for those who arrived later. 早期的移民为后来者奠定了基础。

Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. 票数有限，先申请者先得。

There are plenty of restaurants for those who tire of shopping. 厌烦购物的人有很多餐馆可去。

Those who wish to come here will do so at their own risk. 愿意来的人都可以来，但责任自负。

He was one of those people who take delight in conveying disagreeable news. 他是那种专喜欢报忧的人。

Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children. 不可避免的是遭受最大痛苦的是母亲和儿童。

The market favoured those who had property and discriminated against those who did not. 市场偏爱那些有财产的人，歧视那些没有财产的。

二、those whom型

当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作宾语时，可以省略作宾语的whom。如：

He could imitate in speech or writing most of those he admired.  他能模仿大多数自己崇拜的偶像的讲话和写作风格。

Eric was a gifted teacher beloved by all those he taught over the years. 埃里克是位天才的教师，多年来他一直受到所以学生们的热爱。

He sought reconciliation with those he had stolen from. 他想与那些曾被他盗窃的人寻求和解。

Build on the qualities you are satisfied with and work to change those you are unhappy with.  以自己满意的优点为发展基础，努力改变自己不满意的地方。

三、those whose型

当 those 后引导定语从句的关系代词用作定语且表示所属关系时，关系代词用 whose。如：

The syndrome is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.  这种综合征更容易对那些免疫系统已经低于正常水平的人构成威胁。

四、those that / which 型

许多人认为，those 后的定语从句只能用 who 来引导，不能用 that 或 which，其实是误解。

1. 当先行词 those 指人时，其后的定语从句可以用 who 来引导，也可以用 that 来引导，但以用 who 引导为普通。如：

None are so deaf as those that will not hear. 最聋的人莫过于不愿听别人意见的人。

His simple message was that God will punish those that do evil. 他的意思非常简单：上帝将会惩罚作恶者。

2. 当先行词 those 指事物时，其后的定语从句不可以用 who 来引导，可以用 that 来或 which 来引导。如：

The votes in the marginals are those that really count. 边缘席位的选票才是最关键的。

The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built. 这栋新房子的设计与已经建好的那些房子相似。

We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily. 我们必须设法找出容易受攻击的东西。

You are asked to indicate those which most describe your personality. 要求你指出最能表明你性格的那些方面。

另外注意，those后可接定语从句，但these后习惯上不接定语从句。