动词 catch 的用法说明与语法特点
动词 catch 的用法说明与语法特点
1. 表示“抓住”“捉住”,注意以下习惯用法:
(1) 通常只表示“抓住”的结果,不表示“抓”的过程。如:
他在小河边坐了几个小时,在钓鱼。
误:He sat by the stream for hours, catching fish.
正:He sat by the stream for hours, trying to catch fish.
正:He sat by the stream for hours, fishing.
(2) 是一时的动作,不能与一段时间连用。如:
他被抓住有一年了。
误:He was caught for a year.
正:He was caught a year ago.
(3) 一般不与表示方向的词连用。如:
我们把这个小偷抓到了警察局去。
误:We caught the thief to the police station.
正:We caught the thief and took him to the police station.
2. 表示“听懂”“理解”,多用于否定结构或疑问结构。如:
Did you catch what he said? 你听清了他说的是什么意思吗?
It’s noisy and I can’t catch a word. 太吵了,我一句都听不清。
3. 用于catch sb doing sth,意为“发现(撞见、逮住)某人正在做某事”。如:
The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老师发现他在上 课时睡觉。
We caught him (in the act of) stealing. 他正在行窃被我们逮个正着。
下面一句(多用被动式)与以上用法类似:
He was caught in the rain and got wet. 他碰上大雨,被淋湿了。
4. 表示“染上(疾病)”,一般以疾病名词作 catch 的宾语,而不作catch 的主语。如:
几天前他患了重感冒。
正:He caught a bad cold the other day.
误:A bad cold caught him the other day.
5. 用于catch on,有以下3个用法:
(1) 挂住,钩住。如:
Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣给钉子钩住了。
(2) 受欢迎,流行。如:
The new song caught on quickly. 那首歌很快就流行开来。
(3) 领会,理解,懂得。如:
He is very quick (slow) to catch on. 他理解得很快(慢)。
I don’t quite catch on to what he is saying. 我不大理解他在讲什么。
6. 句式 catch up with sb 与 catch sb up 同义,意为“赶上某人”。如:
Soon he caught us up.=Soon he caught up with us. 不久他就赶上了我们。
注意该结构与catch up on (doing) sth(赶做,弥补)意思不同。如:
I’ve a lot of work to catch up on. 我有很多工作要赶做。
I have to catch up on writing letters tonight so I can’t go out. 今晚我要赶写几封信,所以不能出去。
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