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不定式的完成式具有哪些句法功能

2011-01-08来源:和谐英语

不定式完成式具有哪些句法功能  

   

不定式完成式所表的动作发生在谓语动词之前,它在句子中可以用作以下句子成分:  

一、用作主语。如:  

To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。  

To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。  

二、用作表语。如:  

He seems to have been sick. 他好像生病了。  

I was to have left yesterday. 我本来打算昨天出发的。  

No harm seems to have been done. 似乎没有造成损失。  

三、用作宾语。如:  

He claimed to have reached the top of the mountain. 他声称已攀上那座山的顶峰。  

By 1992,he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到1992年,他希望能在海外开一分店。  

四、用作定语。如:  

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 没有必要给我买一双新鞋。  

She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes. 她是惟一得过3次诺贝尔奖的科学家。  

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 她是第一个被选到这个职位的妇女。  

五、用作状语。如:  

You’re far too clever to have done that. 你太聪明了不会这样做。  

He is too young to have seen the old society. 他太年轻,没有见过旧社会。

六、用作宾补。如:  

I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的。  

These letters show him to have been a lovable character. 这些信表明他是一个可爱的人物。  

His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩单说明他在学校很用功。  

七、用作主补。如:  

He was later discovered to have been a spy. 后来发现他原来是间谍(www.hxen.net)。  

The game was originally scheduled to have taken place in Rome. 这场球赛原本定在罗马举行。