不定式作目的状语的三个特点
【两点注意】
1. 不定式作目的状语可以置于句首,并且当需要强调时,通常会置于句首。但是,同学们在做题时千万不要以为位于句首的不定式就一定是目的状语。请看:
To cooperate with others is important. 同他人合作很重要。
To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事;掌握英语完全是另一回事。
上面两句中位于句首的不定式不是目的状语,而是主语。请再看下面的例句:
To order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit. 订购一辆汽车,你必须交付押金。
To look at him you’d never think he was a successful businessman. 若看他的外貌,谁也想不到他是个事业有成的商人。
上面两句用于句首的不定式是状语,但不是目的状语,而是条件状语,分别相当于:If you want to order a vehicle和If you looked at him。其中第二句用的是虚拟语气。
2. 有人认为回答why的提问时,一定要用不定式,而不能用其他形式的非谓语动词。这种观点很不全面,可能会起误导作用,如下面这个句子了不定式来回答why的提问:
“Why did you go this way?” “To save time.” “你为什么走了这条路?”“为了节省时间。”
句中的To save time可视为Because I wanted to save time之省略。
但是,下面这个句子却用了动词的-ing形式:
“Why does he look so sad?” “Having lost his wallet.” “他看上去为什么如此伤心?”“他把钱包给丢了。”
句中的having lost his wallet可视为Because he has lost his wallet之省略。