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做好非谓语动词考题的两大法宝

2017-02-08来源:和谐英语

 

 

二、利用动作的先后关系

动作的先后关系在选项中的直接体现为一般式还是完成式。一般说来,当非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时,非谓语动词原则上要用完成式。

1. 涉及不定式的动作先后关系

Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) _________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (重庆卷)

A. is said to be buying                                        B. is said to have bought

C. had said to buy                                              D. has said to have bought

答案为B。“be said+不定式”是英语中一个很有用的结构,其意为“据说”。其中的不定式是用一般式还是完成式,取决于该不定式所表示的动作是发生在谓语动作之前还是之后。根据句意可知,buy birds肯定发生在过去,或者说发生在is said之前,所以其中的不定式要用完成式,故答案选B。又如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布朗先生死于肝癌。

2. 涉及动名词的动作先后关系

I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _________ when we talked on the phone. (江西卷)

A. to promote                                                  B. having been promoted

C. having promoted                                          D. to be promoted

答案为B。由于动词mention后接动词作宾语时,习惯上要用动名词,不用不定式,故可排除A和D;再根据句意可知,句中的he与promote之间为被动关系,故要用被动式,同时,由于“被提拔”与“提到”之间有明显的先后关系,即“被提拔”在先,“提到”在后,故用动名词的完成被动式,即答案选B。

3. 涉及现在分词的动作先后关系

(1) _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陕西卷)

A. Having shown                                    B. To be shown    

C. Having been shown                             D. To show

答案为C。根据句意可知,“我们”与“带去参观”之间为被动关系,故应用非谓语动词的被动式,可排除A和D;再根据句中的then可知,前后动作有明显的先后关系,故先发生的动作要用完成式,故选C。

(2) _________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (重庆卷)

A. Fail                      B. Failed                     C. To fail                     D. Having failed

答案为D。根据语境分析,“用电话联系”与“发电子邮件”两个动作之间有明显的先后关系,故先发生的动作要用完成式。

【注意】由于过去分词本身可以表示完成,所以过去分词不用完成式,同时它也没有完成式。请看一道相关的高考题:

It is one of the funniest things _________ on the Internet so far this year. (浙江卷)

A. finding                  B. being found             C. to find                    D. found

答案为D。由于things与find之间为被动关系,故可排除A和C。根据句意,应该是这件有趣的事先被人们发现,后才被人们谈论,但由于过去分词没有完成式,故用一般式表示完成,故选found。