巧借并列连词破解非谓语动词陷阱题
二、借并列连词识别非谓语动词考点与并列句考点
有的考题从表面上看是在考查非谓语动词,而实际上是在考查并列句的有关知识,此时若能充分注意到句中的并列连词,同时结合并列连词对句子结构进行分析,问题往往可以迎刃而解。请看下面一道高考题:
_________ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南卷)
A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search
此题初看一眼,完全像是一道非谓语动词考题,因为四个选项中有三项为非谓语动词。粗心的考生很可能会据此最先排除选项D,因为它不是非谓语动词。其实,此题的答案正是D。做好本题的关键是要注意到句中的并列连词and,由and可知这是一个并列句,and的后面是句子,其前面也应是句子。由于句首无主语,可推断它是祈使句,所以选动词原形,即答案为D。
与上面的情况相反,如果两个“句子”间没有并列连词,那么其中有个“句子”就肯定不是“句子”,因为它没有完整的谓语。如下面这道高考题:
The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March. (山东卷)
A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched
由于两个“句子”间没有并列连词,所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语,据此我们可以最先排除选项A。又由于动作于去年的三月底就已经发生,所以不能选表示未来动作的不定式,即不能选D;又由于句子用了具体的过去时间状语(at the end of last March),故不能选完成式,即不能选B。所以答案为C。其实the most recent being launched at the end of last March为独立主格结构。
请再看下面一题:
The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day. (重庆卷)
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
由于两个“句子”间没有并列连词,所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语,据此我们可以最先排除选项C和D。再根据句意,由于lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词,即选B。其实,their lessons finished for the day也是独立主格结构。
我们最后再来看两道题,这是两道很容易混淆的考题:
1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of them _________ into a foreign language.
A. translating B. translated C. were translated D. had translated
2. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _________ into a foreign language.
A. translating B. translated C. were translated D. had translated
我们先来分析第1题,根据前面的思路我们可以推知,空格处不能填一个完整的谓语,因为这两个“句子”之间没有并列连词,所以可以排除C和D;再根据“小说”与“翻译”之间的被动关系可以确定答案为B而不是A。
我们再来看看第2题,其实这一题与第1题只有一个词的差别,那就是将第1题中的them改成了which。粗心的考生很可能会忽略这一差别,仍将答案确定为A。但事实上,由于将句中的them改成了which,就使得第2题的句子由简单句变成了复合句,因为none of which…在此引出一个定语从句;而定语从句作为“句子”,它就必须要有完整的谓语,同时结合“小说”与“翻译”之间的被动关系,我们可以确定此题的答案为C而不是B。