涉及垂悬分词的一道典型考题

涉及垂悬分词的一道典型考题

请看下面一题：

Finding her car stolen, _________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

【分析】此题容易误选 A，因为从汉语角度来看，车子被盗，就应该叫来警察。但如果选 A，会导致句子主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致，构成所谓的垂悬分词。其实，此题最佳答案选 D，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语 finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，按照英语语法，在通常情况下，非谓语动词用作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，所以最佳答案为D。请再看以下类似例子：

(1) To master a foreign language, _________.

A. the school needs a foreign teacher

B. a good teacher is needed

C. a lot of practice is needed

D. one must have a lot of practice

【分析】此题答案选D，因为 to master a foreign language 的逻辑主语应是 one，而不是其他。

(2) _________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told    B. Though to be told

C. Having told           D. He was told

【分析】此题答案选A，因为根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系；另外，从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 这一现在分词的完成被动式。注意不能选D，因为 He was told 与 he still didn’t understand it 这两个简单句之间缺乏必要的衔接关系(参见下一题)。

(3) _________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told    B. Though he was told

C. To have been told  D. He was told

【分析】此题答案选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)，又因为 though 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能选B。