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非谓语动词being done结构有哪些用法

2017-02-23来源:和谐英语

非谓语动词being done结构有哪些用法

being done如果构成谓语只有一种可能,就是与动词be一起构成被动语态的进行时态。如:

Your steak is being grilled and will be ready in a minute. 您的牛排正在烤着,马上就好。

Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck there while it was being repaired. 不幸的是,我的车坏了,在修车的时候,我就被困在那里。

但是,作为非谓语动词的being done,其用法则比较复杂,也比较容易用错,本文帮同学们归纳如下。

1. 用作定语

当非谓语动词being done用作定语时,只能置于被修饰名词之后,表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如:

Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?

We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我们要减少砍伐的树的数量。

注意:being done, to be done与done均可用作后置定语,其区别为:being done表示正在发生的被动动作;to be done表示将要发生的被动动作;而done表示已经发生的被动动作。比较:

(1) The play________ last month aimed mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced              B. being produced

C. to be produced      D. having been produced

(2) The play________ now aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced              B. being produced

C. to be produced      D. having been produced

(3) The play________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009安徽卷)

A. produced              B. being produced

C. to be produced      D. having been produced

根据每句空格后的时间状语last month, now, next month可知,第(1)题的答案应选A,第(2)题的答案应选B,第(3)题的答案应选C。

如果你明白了这个区别,不仅上面这道安徽卷考题你可以轻松地做出来,而且下面这道山东卷考题也就变得很容易了(答案为A):

We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.

A. to be held             B. held                      C. being held             D. holding

2. 用作主语

being done可以用于句首作主语,表示一个被动的动作。如:

Being sent to prison was the final degradation. 堕落到最后的地步就是被关进监狱。

Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里,都会被人认出来。

有时用作主语的being done可能是系表结构。如:

Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。

 

3. 用作宾语

being done不仅可以用于动词后作宾语,而且可以用作介词后作宾语,也是表示一个被动的动作。如:

He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。

He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子,以免我们认出他。

Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠。

You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候,由人带领进入正殿。

After [On] being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后,我们另作了安排。

请看下面一道考题:

I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

A. to take                  B. to be taken            C. taking                   D. being taken

从句意上看,“我”与“带去法门寺”之间为被动关系,即“我是被带去法门寺”,所以首先应排除表示主动意义的A和C;再从语法上看,remember后接不定式或动名词均可,但有区别:接不定式表示记住去做未做的事,接动名词表示记住已经做过或发生过的事,根据句意和句子中saw用的是一般过去时可知,应用动名词,即答案为D。

 

 

 

4. 用作宾语补足语

being done主要用在某些动词(如see, hear, watch, feel, find, discover, imagine, keep, like, notice 等)后作宾语补足语,表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如:

I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。

He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到这里来看轮船装货卸货。

It’s interesting for children to see a house being built. 孩子们看造房子是挺有趣的事。

She found herself being warmly welcomed everywhere. 她发现自己到处受到热烈的欢迎。

I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒过来,听见卧室的门慢慢地被推开。

有时也用于介词with, without的宾语后作宾语补足语。如:

They debated for hours without a decision being taken. 他们争论了好几个小时,也没作出决定。

5. 用作状语

being done 用作状语是一个比较重要的用法,主要用于句首表示原因,有时也表示其他关系(如时间等)。如:

Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money. 由于他没有工作,他没有多少钱。

Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 由于受到很好的照顾,她的身体恢复得很快。

Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 当给她这个机会的时候,她立刻就抓住了。

注:有时 being 可带有自己的逻辑主语(构成独立主格结构)。如:

The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。