动词-ing形式作定语和状语的高频错点

动词-ing形式作定语和状语的高频错点

错点一：动词-ing形式作定语的常见错点

1. 混淆动词的-ing形式和-ed形式

【典型考题】While there are_______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. (2014新课标卷I)

【考点分析】本题答案为amazing。由所填之词是用于修饰名词stories的，表示“故事”给人的感觉，故用动词的-ing形式。又如：

Her children show amazing responsibility for their ages. 她的孩子们显示出与其年龄不符的惊人的责任感。

【知识拓展】动词-ing形式和-ed形式均可用于名词前作定语，但有区别：动词的-ing形式表示事物给人的某种感觉，其意是指令人感到如何；动词的-ed形式表示人对事物感觉，其意是指人感到如何。值得说明的是，动词的-ed形式除用于说明人的感觉外，有也用于修饰voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile, belief, disbelief等，用以表示该名词逻辑主语的感觉。如：

She had a pleased look on her face. 她脸上有高兴的神情。

She shook her head in amazed disbelief. 她摇了摇头，感到惊愕与不信。

2. 错用不定式形式作前置定语

【典型考题】Uncertainty about the _______ (come) Presidential election depressed the stock market. 

【考点分析】本题答案为coming。虽然此处是表示“即将到来的总统竞选”，但不能用不定式形式，因为不定式不能用作前置定语。本句意思是：对即将到来的总统竞选难以预料使得股市不景气。又如：

We have high hopes for the coming year. 我们对即将到来的一年寄以厚望。

Everyone rightly feared the coming war. 人人都担心战争即将爆发，这是理所当然的。

【知识拓展】虽然不定式通常可以表示即将要发生的动作，但主要限于作后置定语、状语等成分，而绝不能置于名词前作定语。比较：

I hope in coming years he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会反省自己的决定。

I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会反省自己的决定。

错点二：动词-ing形式作状语的常见错点

1. 错用动词-ing形式作目的状语

【典型考题】_______ (keep) themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。

【考点分析】本题答案为 To keep。当动词用作非谓语形式作目的状语时，通常要用不定式，而不用动词的-ing形式。又如：

To hide my fright I asked a question. 为了掩饰自己的恐惧，我问了个问题。

To avoid confusion, label each box clearly. 为了避免混乱，给每一个盒子贴上清楚的标签。

【知识拓展】在通常情况下，用非谓语动词表目的时，要用不定式，但有一个例外，就是当动词go后接climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking, hunting, rambling, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, water-skiing等动词的-ing形式时，也属于表目的的用法，比较go fishing中的fishing可视为go的目的。如：

We might go camping this summer. 今年夏天我们可能去野营。

He likes to go climbing at weekends. 他喜欢在周末做登山运动。

They liked to go dancing every Saturday night. 他们喜欢每周六晚上去跳舞。

2. 混淆用作结果状语的-ing形式与不定式

【典型考题】After driving all night we got to Amy’s place, only _______ (discover) that she was away. 开了一整夜车到达埃米的住处，却发现她不在。

【考点分析】答案为to discover。“only+动词-ing形式”和“only+动词不定式”都可以用来表示结果。但有区别：后接现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而后接不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。比较：

He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold. 他出去时衣穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。

I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。

■即时训练

Most people want to be happy, but few know how (1)________ (find) happiness. Money and success alone do not bring (2)________ (last) happiness.

Aristotle, a Greek (3)________ (think), said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few (4)________ (suggest) to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time (5)________ (think) about the future — for example, getting into college or (6)________ (get) a good job — that we fail (7)________(enjoy) the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, (8)________ (listen) to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthy lives.

Another secret to (9)________ (live) a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time.

Finally, many people find happiness in (10)________(help) others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others.

参考答案：1. to find  2. lasting  3. thinker  4. suggestion  5. thinking  6. getting  7. to enjoy  8. listening  9. living  10. helping