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涉及it用法的五类考点

2017-08-09来源:和谐英语

涉及it用法的五类考点

一、考查 it 用作形式主语的用法

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:

It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。

It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然,他读过这本书。

It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。

【特别提醒】注意it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式:

1.用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如:

It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。

It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。

2.当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如:

It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这样做使我很吃惊。

It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是一个悲剧。

3.用于if it were not for… / if it hadn’t been for…(若不是因为)。如:

If it hadn’t been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就及时赶到伤员身边了。

二、考查 it 用作形式宾语的用法

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末:

We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。

He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。

I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。

【特别提醒】注意it用作形式宾语的三类特殊句式:

1. 动词+it+if / when从句

当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时,此时必须要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如:

She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。

2. 动词+介词+it+that从句

能用于此句型的主要有三个动词,即depend on, answer for, see to。如:

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。

I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. 我不能保证这个男孩是诚实的。

I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。