重点中学英语语法讲义-副词

五、频度副词

1. 频度副词的特点。频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。

2. 频度副词在句中的位置。频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：

He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。

He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。

有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：

She always was late. 她老是迟到。

有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：

I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。

We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。

Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?

有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：

Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。

Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。

注：含有否定意义的副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：

Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。

Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。

另外，频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：

Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。

Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。

3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置。在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：

He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。

She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’t)

He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对他所做的事不负责任。

六、程度副词

1. 程度副词的特点。程度副词有于表示程度，常见的如 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。使用时注意以下几点(www.hxen.net)：

2. 程度副词的用法注意点

(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：

Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。

This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。

注：quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。

(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：

I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)

We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)

注：much 也可修饰动词，但这通常只限于否定句或疑问句，而不用于肯定陈述句，除非其前有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语：

She doesn’t like him much. 她不太喜欢他。

Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗？

He likes the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影。(不能说He likes the film much.)

没有very, too, so等修饰的much有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词，但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少数动词，且此时的 much 应置于句中，而不是句末：

We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。

(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：

It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。

若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：

It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。