重点中学英语语法讲义-it用法
(1) 由于介词后通常不能直接跟that从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。
I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. 我不能保证这个男孩是诚实的。
I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
【注】① 在其他情况下解决介词后跟that从句的办法是借用the fact作宾语：
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
② 个别介词(主要是but和except)也可接that从句作宾语：
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁，其他的就不知道了。
(2) 有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语：
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
【注】能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示情绪的动词。而且高考对此也有所考查，请看一道高考真题(答案选A)：
I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
(3) 用于 have it that(说，认为)，take it that(认为)等个别固定表达中：
I take it (that) you agree. 我以为你同意了(www.hxen.net)。
Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident. 据报道，在这次事故中大约有30人丧命。
六、用于强调句型
1. 基本句型结构
it用于强调句的基本句型结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其他部分。请看用例：
It was in the
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。
2. 使用强调句型应注意的几点
(1) 强调主语时，that后谓语动词的数应与被强调的主语保持一致：
It is I who am right. 是我对。
It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。
(2) 不要想当然地用he, she, that等代替强调句中的it：
_____ was in this room that he was killed.
A. It B. That C. He D. Who
此题答案应选A。该句还原成非强调句为He was killed in this room.
【注】有关强调句型的其他用法说明，参见本讲义“强调句型”。
七、重点考点原创精练
1. Luckily, _____ happened to be a foreign teacher there.
A. it B. there C. they D. that
2. _____ is said to be no life on the moon.
A. It B. There C. That D. He
3. You should make _____ a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
A. it B. that C. you D. this
4. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
5. I want very much to buy a color TV set, but I can’t afford _____.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
6. I should prefer _____ if you didn’t go there alone.
A. it B. that C. you D. which
7. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
8. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but _____ remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
9. Dear me! Just look at the time! I had no idea _____ was so late.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
10. _____ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What
11. _____ is hard to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What
12. ____ doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.
A. It B. That C. There D. He
13. I can’t remember a Christmas when _____ snowed so much.
A. it B. that C. what D. the weather
14. _____ was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.
A. It B. That C. There D. He
15. Who was _____ that saved the drowning girl?(www.hxen.net)
A. that B. it C. what D. he
【参考答案】1—5 BAABB 6—10 ADBAD 11—15 BCAAB
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