初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(11)

4. 你会正确使用虚拟语气的倒装形式吗

______ your address, I would have written to you.

A. Did I know          B. Were I to know   C. Had I known       D. If I should know

此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were, had, should, could等动词时, 可以将if省略, 然后将 were, had, should, could 等词移至句首：

1. If he should fail, he would kill himself.

→Should he fail, he would kill himself.

万一失败, 他就会自杀。

2. If I were you, I would do it at once.

→Were I you, I would do it at once.

假若我是你, 我就会马上做。

3. If I could do it, I would.

→Could I do it, I would.

要是我能做此事, 我一定会做。

4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would haveasked you about it.

→Had he seen you yesterday, he would haveasked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你, 他就会问你这事了。

顺便说一句, 以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词, 如果是实义动词也可倒装：

If he had money, he would buy a car.

→Had he money, he would buy a car.

他要是有钱, 他就会买一辆小车。

5. 哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气

The guard at the gate insisted that everyone ______ the rules.

A. obeys                   B. obey                    C. will obey              D. would obey

此题应选 B。一般说来, 在一些表示坚持(insist), 命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, advise), 要求(require, demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略, 但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：

He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent bya special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call mylawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。

注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：

2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”, 从句多指尚未实现的想法, 谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态, 谓语用陈述语气：

I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。

I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。

2. suggest表示“建议”, 其后接that从句, 一般要用虚拟误气;若表示“暗示”、“表明”, 则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气：

She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。

Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。