初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(07)

8. 正确理解和运用过去完成时的关键是什么

He asked me to have a drink with him. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink.

A. had enjoyed         B. was enjoying        C. enjoyed               D. had been enjoying

此题应选A。容易误选C。本题主要考察过去完成时的基本用法(过去完成时是各类考试的常考考点), 此用法的关键是要正确理解“过去的过去”这五个字，也就是说：过去完成时是一个相对时态, 它必须以一个过去时间作参照, 而这个过去完成时所表示的动作要发生在这个过去时间的过去。做这类题时, 考生一定要注意一定的上下文, 要注意寻找直接或间接的过去参照时间：

1. He was disappointed that most of the guests___ when he ____ at the party.

A. left; had arrived                                     B. left; arrived

C. had left; had arrived                               D. had left; arrived

2. The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.

A. had written;left                                      B. were writing;has left

C. had written;had left                               D. were writing;had left

3. Helen _____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

A. has left;comes                                       B. left; had come

C. had left;came                                        D. had left; would come

答案：1. D 2. D 3. C

9. This is the first time后的从句通常用什么时态

—Do you know our town at all?

—No, this is the first time I ______ here.

A. was                      B. have been            C. came                   D. am coming

此题应选B。这与句中的this is the first time有关：一般说来, 在It [This] is the first time＋that-结构中, that-从句通常用现在完成时(www.hxen.net)：

It’s the first time (that) the boy has spoken toa foreigner. 这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。

It’s the first time that she’s seen an elephant. 这是她第一次见到大象。

有时以上结构中的first也可换成second, third, fourth等；其中的time也可换成其它名词：

It’s the first month that he has lived here. 这是他第一个月住在这里。

This is the second cigarette that he has smokedtoday. 这是他今天抽的第二支烟。

若It was the first time that-结构中, that-从句通常用过去完成时, 有时也用一般过去时, 有时若有包括现在在内的时间状语, 偶尔还可用现在完成时：

I was lucky because that was the second time I(had) visited Japan that year. 我很幸运, 那是我那年第二次访问日本。

It was the first time this year that he hadn’t[hasn’t] worked on a Saturday. 这是今年来他第一次在星期六不上班。