初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(05)

5. 这个to是介词还是不定式符号

We are looking forward to ____ from Mary.

A. hear                    B. hearing                C. heard                  D. have heard

此题应选B。容易误选A，认为其前的to是不定式符号。

to有时是不定式符号, 有时是介词。用作介词时, 注意以下常见搭配：

look forward to 盼望

devote……to 致力于, 献身于

pay attention to 注意

stick to 坚持

be used to 习惯于(但used to表示过去经常, to为不定式符号；be used to 表示“被用来……”时, to 也是不定式符号)

on the way to 即将成为(但表示“在做某事的路上”时to是不定式符号)

1. He was devoted to _____ the poor.

A. help                      B. helping                  C. helped                  D. being helped

2. The weather was cold, but soon he got used to_____ there.

A. live                       B. living                    C. lived                     D. having lived

3. You should pay more attention to ______ with those who differ with you.

A. unite and work      B. uniting and working

C. unite and working  D. uniting and work

4. She was on her way to ______ her daughter.

A. see                       B. seeing                   C. saw                      D. have seen

5. He was on the way to ______ an engineer.

A. become                B. becoming              C. became                 D. be

答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B

6. except后能接哪些词

A：Does he often come to see you?

B：No, the never comes ____ he is in trouble.

A. except                 B. except that          C. except when        D. except for

此题很容易误选B, 因为后面是一个从句, 所以很容易联想到except that, 其实此题应选C。B, C 两者之后均接从句, 其区别主要从句意上看：except when中的when有“当……时”之意, 而except that则无此义。比较：

I know nothing about him except that he lives inParis. 我除知道他住在巴黎外, 其它情况一无所知。

I like her except when she's angry. 除了她发怒的时候, 我还是挺喜欢她的。

except作为介词, 后接名词或代词(这是基本用法), 除了以上提到的后接that从句和when从句外, 以下用法也需注意：

(1) 副词：She has never come late except recently. 除了最近一段时间, 她从未迟到。

(2) 介词短语：The window is never opened except insummer. 除了在夏天外, 这扇窗户从不打开。

(3) 不定式(注意是否带 to)：It had no effect exceptto make him angry. 除了惹他生气外, 没产生任何效果。 /

There was little we could do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法。

(4) what从句：I know nothing about it except whathe told me. 除他告诉我的情况外, 我对此事一无所知。

(5) where从句：My papers seem to be everywhereexcept where they ought to be. 我的文件似乎完全不在它们应该放置的地方。