英语语法重点、考点与难点(02)

英语语法重点、考点与难点(02)

不定代词类

1. 选这个不定代词全靠语境

A：Is ____ here?

B：No, Bob and Jim have asked for leave.

A. anybody               B. everybody            C. somebody            D. nobody

此题应选B。容易误选A, 认为这是疑问句, 所以要选 A。还有的考生可能会认为选C, 因为某些特殊情况下(比如表示邀请或请求等), some(thing)也可用于疑问句中。 此题的正确答案是B, 此题主要考察的不是不定代词的句型用法, 而是考察在一定的上下文(语境)如何选用适当的不定代词。

该题若不看下句, 选A / C也是可能的, 比如一个人晚上走进一个空房子, 就可能这样问, 其意大致为：这里有人吗?(用somebody比anybody肯定意味更强), 然而联系下句就很错了：首先, No用得很荒唐(既然回答No, 说明这里没有人, 那么答话的人又是什么呢?), 其次从后面的 Bob and Jim have asked for leave(鲍勃和吉姆请假了)来看, 这是显然是一个“查问人数”的情景。这样, 再回头来看看选项B就顺理成章了(Iseverybody here? ＝大家到齐了吗?)

以下两题都是测试不定代词在一定上下文的运用, 请你试着选一选(注意语境!)：

(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.

A. everything             B. anything                C. something             D. nothing

(2) The office is empty because ____ has gone home.

A. everyone               B. someone               C. no one                  D. all

答案：1. A 2. A

2. (a) little / (a) few用法要点

If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.

A. less, less              B. fewer, fewer        C. less, fewer           D. fewer, less

此题的正确答案是C。此题主要考察不定代词 little和few 的比较等级及有关用法：little--less--least(修饰不可数名词)；few-- fewer--fewest(修饰可数名词)。

下面小结 (a) few 与 (a) little 的用法及区别：

(1) (a) few之后必须接复数可数名词。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”, 含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少, 但有几个, 强调“有”, 含有肯定意义。试体会：

His theory is very difficult, and few peopleunderstand it. 他的理论很深奥, 没有几个人能懂。

His theory is very difficult, but a few peopleunderstand it. 他的理论很深奥, 但是有些人懂。

(2) (a) little之后接不可数名词, little 与 a little其区别跟 few 和a few 之间的区别相同。如：

Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上带着一点钱。

Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧, 我身上没带什么钱

(3) 一般说来, 在 only, still, quite, not等词之后通常用a few 或 a little, 而在 very, some, the, no, so 等词之后通常用 few 或 little：

I have only a little money. 我只有一点点钱。

Very few people like him. 喜欢他的人很少。