内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(02)
◆back n. & adv.
1. 短语 at the back of 可以表示“在……的后面(范围之外)”,此时相当于 behind;也可以表示“在……的后部(范围之内)”,此时不能用 behind。比较:
There is a little garden at the back of the house. 房屋后有个小花园。(小花园在房屋之外)
There is a little room at the back of the house. 房屋后部有个小房间。(小房间在房屋之内)
有时也用介词 in。如:
He sat in [at] the back of the car. 他坐在小汽车后部。
在美国英语中也可将以上两个短语中的 at [in] the 省略,只用back of。如:
My home lies back of the school. 我家就在学校后面。
2. 通常不与那些已含有 back 含义的动词连用。如:
半小时后他就回来了。
正:Half an hour later he returned [=came back].
误:Half an hour later he returned back.
◆bad adj.
1. 除表示“坏的”之外,还有不少引申用法“不舒服”、“糟糕的”、“严重的”、“腐烂的”等。如:
He feels bad. 他感到不舒服(难过)。
He has got a bad cold. 他了患重感冒。
It’s a bad mistake (accident). 那是一个严重的错误(一次严重的事故)。
The fish will go bad if you don’t put it in the fridge. 这鱼要是不放入冰箱就会腐烂。
2. 注意以下各句与介词的搭配。如:
He is bad at telling stories. 他不善于讲故事。
We were hoping for an improvement but things have gone from bad to worse. 我们本希望有所改善,但事情却每况愈下。
◆badly adv.
1. 其比较等级变化不规则(worse, worst)。如:
谁的工作做得最差?
误:Who did his work the most badly?
正:Who did his work worst?(www.hxen.net)
2. 与 want, need, be in need of 等连用,可表示“迫切地”、“非常”。如:
We want to see her badly. 我们非常想见她。
He needs money badly. /He is badly in need of money. 他急需要钱。
3. badly 是形容词 bad 的副词形式,通常用来修饰动词。如:
The furniture is badly made. 这家具做得很差。
He did his work very badly. 他的工作做得很差。
4. 在现代英语口语中,badly 有时可像形容词 bad 那样用于某些连系动词(如 feel, be 等)后用作表语。如:
He felt badly about being late. 他因迟到感到难过。
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