内部讲义：常考词的语法与用法(01)

◆abroad adv.

1. 表示“在国外”、“到国外”等，是副词，不是名词，因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不用冠词。如：

He has gone abroad with his wife. 他已与他妻子出国了。

His son was living abroad. 他儿子当时住在国外。

不能说：go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad

注意：abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词，但是却可以用介词 from。如：

He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。

2. 汉语中的“国内外”，说成英语是 at home and abroad。如：

He is famous at home and abroad. 他闻名国内外。

The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour. 国内外形势对我们都有利。

2. 由于是副词，不是形容词，所以不能用于名词前作定语。但是，若语义需要，它可置于名词后作定语。如：

My first journey abroad is something I shall never forget. 我第一次出国旅行的情景是我永远不会忘记的。

She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。

比较下面两句abroad与from abroad用作后置定语的区别：

Investments abroad set another record last year. 向国外的投资去年又创新经录。

Investments from abroad set another record last year. 来自国外的投资去年又创新经录。

◆absent adj. / v.

1. 用作形容词，意为“缺席的”。要表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词 from。如：

Some students were absent from class. 有些学生上课缺席。

They were absent from work that day. 他们那天都没有上班。

有时根据不同的语境，也可能使用不同的介词。如：

He’s absent in Beijing. 他外出了，现在北京。

用作形容词，有时表示“心不在焉”、“茫然的”等，通常只用作定语。如：

He had an absent look on his face. 他脸上露出茫然的神色。

absent-minded 意为“心不在焉的”、“健忘的”( 可用作表语或定语)。如：

He is always absent-minded. 他老是心不在焉。

2. 用作动词(及物)，意为“缺席”，常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”，其后也接介词 from。如：

He absented himself from the meeting. 他开会缺席。

He absented himself from class. 他旷课。

另外注意，absent 用作形容词和动词时，重音位置不同。

◆accept v.

1. 表示“接受”，可及物或不及物。如：

She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车，他就领情了。

I haven’t received his letter for a long time. 我很久没有收到他的来信了。

注：accept 与 receive 不同，后者“收到”、“接到”。如：

She received his present, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。

2. 可接名词或代词作宾语，但一般不接不定式。如：

He asked her to marry him and she accepted him. 他向她求婚，她同意了。

注意：不说……she accepted to marry him.