初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(18)

3. 引导名词性从句的what

______ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.

A. What                   B. That                    C. If                        D. Whether

此题应选 A。选项C(if)显然不能选, 因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B(that)和D(whether) 虽然都可以引导主语从句, 但两者除了意思不合题意外, 还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分, 而此句中的 he said缺宾语。

在名词性从句中, what根据情况不同, 可能有两方面的用法和意思：

1. 用作连接代词, 表示“什么”(由疑问词变来)：

I don’t know what he gave her. 我不知道他给了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known tous. 他在会上将说些什么, 我们还不知道。

2. 表示“……所……的(东西)”, 在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句(所以有人称这样用的what 为关系代词型的what)：

把你买的东西拿给我看。

Show me what you bought.

→Show me the thing that you bought.

这是他想要的东西。

This is what he wants.

→This is the thing that he wants.

我们需要的是钱。

What we need is money.

→The thing that we need is money.

4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的what / that

—I think ______ he needs is more practice.

—Yes. ______ he needs more practice is clear.

A. what, What         B. that, That            C. what, That           D. that, What

此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that 都可以引导名词性从句, 但有区别：

1. what引导名词从句时, 它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等), 而that引导名词从句时, 它在从句中不能充当句子成分。

2. what引导名词从句时, 它有词义(表示：什么;所……的[东西])；而that引导名词从句时, 它没有词义。

请做以下试题, 注意区别what和that：

1. ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

2. —I think ____ he said is true.

—But don’t forget the fact ____he is a cheat.

A. what, what           B. that, that

C. what, that             D. that, what

3. ____ surprised us most is ____he spoke Egnlishso well.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

答案：1. C 2. C 3. C