语法陷阱题800例—非谓语动词

请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：

(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.

A. completed                                            B. have been completed

C. had been completed                               D. been completed

(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

A. being, support                                      B. was, support 

C. has been, supporting                              D. is, to support

比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：

(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed                                            B. have been completed

C. had been completed                               D. been completed

(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

A. being, support                                      B. was, support 

C. has been, supporting                              D. is, to support

4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.

A. not make                                              B. not to make

C. not making                                           D. do not make

【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。

【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：

The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.

A. provide                                                B. to provide

C. providing                                             D. provided

5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

A. to be tied                                             B. being tied

C. tied                                                      D. having tied

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：

Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.

A. finds                                                    B. found

C. being found                                          D. will find

答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。

比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：

(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.

A. argued                                                 B. to be argued

C. to be arguing                                        D. being argued

(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.

A. turned                                                  B. having turned

C. to be turned                                          D. being turned