高中英语 语法陷阱题800例-形容词和副词

高中英语 语法陷阱题800例-形容词和副词

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.

A. well, well                                             B. bad, bad

C. well, badly                                           D. badly, bad

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。

【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。

2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.”

A. What, interesting                                  B. What, interested

C. How, interesting                                   D. How, interested

【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。

【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时，可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：

All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。

All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。

I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

再比较：

He is frightened. 他很害怕。

He is frightening. 他很吓人。

He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.

A. very painful                                         B. much painful

C. a lot of pain                                          D. very paining

【陷阱】容易误选A，想当然地认为：pain 表示“痛”，其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。

【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”，而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常用于说明事物，而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会：

他仍很痛苦。

正：He is still in pain.

误：He’s still painful.

你感到痛吗?

正：Do you feel any pain?

误：Are you painful?

见到你这样生活我很痛心。

正：I am pained to see you living this way.

误：I am painful to see you living this way.

听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。

误：We were all painful to hear of his death.

正：We were all pained to hear of his death.

他眼睛痛。

正：He has painful eyes.

误：He’s painful in the eyes.

4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”

A. easy                                                     B. difficult

C. possible                                                D. sure

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。

【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如：

他回答案这个问题很容易。

误：He’s very easy to answer this question.

正：It is very easy for her to answer this question. (用形式主语 it 作主语)

正：The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物，但它与其后不定式有动宾关系，即 to answer this question)

我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。

误：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.

正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语)