中考英语语法完全突破——被动语态
考点3 将语态与情态动词结合进行考查
被动语态与情态动词连用时的基本结构形式是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如:
This can be discussed later. 这可以以后再讨论。
This man should be cast into prison. 这人应投入监牢。
The work must be done in an hour. 这项工作必须在一小时内干完。
Unless you wear boots you may be bitted by snakes. 若不穿靴子你可能被蛇咬。
【考例1】Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work ________ today. (河北中考题)
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
【分析】答案选D。由于“工作”与“做”之间为被动关系,故可先排除A和B;再根据Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow(不要把今天的工作拖到明天)可知,选项D的意思比选项C的意思更符合句子语境。比较:may be done=可以被做,must be done=必须被做。
【考例2】—There is a lot of wind in North China.
—Well, more trees ________ every year to stop the wind. (四川自贡中考题)
A. must be planted B. can planted
C. should planted D. must plant(www.hxen.net)
【分析】答案选A。首选应排除B和C,因为情态动词后不能直接跟过去分词;根据句意可知,“树”与“种”之间为被动关系,即“树”被“种”,所以应选被动语态,即选A。
考点4 考查特殊句式中的被动语态
在有些特殊句式中,虽然表面上看它是被动语态,但其实不是——它们要么已变成系表结构,要么已构成固定搭配,有其自己的特殊意思和用法。如:
She was married to a rich man. 她同一位有钱人结了婚。
句中的was married虽为被动形式,但已不是被动语态,而是系表结构,即其中的married已转化为形容词,在句中用作表语。
They are supposed to arrive before dark. 他们应该在天黑前到。
句中的are supposed虽为被动形式,也不是被动语态,are supposed to为固定搭配,意为“应该”。
He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
句中的is used 虽为被动形式,也不是被动语态,be used to为固定搭配,意为“习惯于”。
【考例1】Students are ________ to speak loudly in the reading room. (吉林通化中考题)
A. told B. supposed C. not supposed D. allowed(www.hxen.net)
【分析】答案选C。be supposed to虽然形式为被动语态,但其实不是,它是英语中的固定表达,其意为“应该”,又如:You’re supposed to be working. 你现在应当在工作。He is supposed to arrive on the five o’clock train. 他应该坐五点钟的火车到。
【考例2】Her son ________ Coke, but now he ________ milk. (湖北恩施中考题)
A. used to drink; is used to drinking B. used to drinking; drinks
C. is used to drinking; used to drink D. is used to drink; is drinking
【分析】答案选A。used to的意思是“过去常常”,如:We used to play golf together. 我们过去常在一起打高尔夫球。be used to虽然形式上为被动语态,但事实上不是,它是一个固定表达,其意为“习惯于”,如:I’m used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。I’m used to this kind of life. 我已习惯于这样的生活。
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