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whatever类词语的详解用法

2009-08-21来源:和谐英语

whatever类词语的详解用法

 

本文所说的whatever类词主要包括whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however等。

一、用于引导状语从句

它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等,相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如:

Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么,我都相信你。

Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话,,都说我出去了。

Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来,我都欢迎。

Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。

We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 无论我们走到哪里,我们都发现人们很友好。

However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少,他都不发胖。

Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。

【三点补充说明】

1. 有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如:

无论他在哪里,我都要找到他。

正:I’ll find him, wherever he is.

正:I’ll find him, wherever he may be.

无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。

正:Keep calm, whatever happens.

正:Keep calm, whatever may happen.

2. whoever 的宾格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever,  后者在现代英语已基本不用,有的词典已不收录此词。如:

Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟谁结婚,他一定要会做饭才行。

3.有时可省略从句中的动词be。如:

The building must be saved, whatever the cost (is). 一定要挽救这座建筑,不管花多大代价。

Whatever your argument (is), I shall hold to my decision. 不管你有什么理由,我都坚持我的决定。

I refuse, however favorable the conditions (are). 不管条件如何有利,我都不干。

4.有时可省略从句中的动词be及其相应的主语。如:

I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小,我宁愿一个人住一间,也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。

A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则,不管如何正确,除非能懂,否则毫无用处。