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as long as 与only if 的用法区别

2009-08-21来源:和谐英语

as long as 与only if 的用法区别

一、基本用法的差别

1. as long as 有两个意思,一是用于本义,意为“与……一样长(久)”,在否定句中,也可说成 (not) so long as;二是用于引申义,表示“只要”,用于此义时也可说成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)。如:

This river is as long as that one. 这条河与那条河一条长。

He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在国外长达五年之久。

He didn’t stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那儿住得不如她久。

As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我们就可以去。

As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。

2. only if 可视为 if 的加强说法,即其中的 only 是修饰 if 从句的,其意为“只有在……条件下”。如:

I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else. 我可以告诉你,但条件是你不能告诉其他任何人。

I’ll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必须把账单送到我住的地方,我才愿意偿付。

二、语气上的差别

从语气上看,only if 的语气要比as long as 强,as long as 通常只是用于提出一个条件,与if 的意思比较接近;而only if 引出的从句内容则通常暗示它是主句内容的唯一条件,含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的时候”“……唯一的条件是……”之意。比较:

As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了。

You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏,这书你就可以借。

We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人人各尽所能才能取得成功。

The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists, but only if they arrange this in advance. 大客车到各主要的旅馆来接观光者,但条件是必须事先安排好。

三、动词搭配上的差别

在许多情况下,as long as 与 only if 均可用,只是语气有强弱之分。但是,当主句和从句的谓语动词均为短暂性动词时,通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:

你只有请他,他才会来。

误:He will come as long as you ask him.

正:He will come only if you ask him.

析:此句中的 only if 不能用 as long as 代替,因为动词 ask 与 come 均短暂性动词。