《高中英语惯用法词典》
◆able adj.
1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表语或定语。如:
He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。
He is old but still able. 他虽年老,但仍有很能干。
2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)。如:
He is able to speak English. 他会说英语。
Everyone here is able to type. 这儿的每一个人都会打字。
He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。
He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations.
他学习很努力,所以考试及了格。
注:be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用),而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如:
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。
You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。
I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。
I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。
3. able 的比较级和最高级通常是 abler 和 ablest,也可以是 more able 和 most able,有时还可用 better able和best able。如:
You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事。
She’s the person best able to cope. 她是个最能妥善处理问题的人。
4. 若要加强语气,其前除可very, quite, perfectly等修饰外,有时还可用well修饰。如:
He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顾自己。
He’s a very able student; he’s just too lazy. 他是个很有能力的学生,只是太懒了。
若受just, only just修饰,则表示“只能”“仅能”。如:
I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看见远处有个黑影。
5. able的反义词是unable(不能的,不会的),不是disable,后者是动词,其意为“使残废”“使无能力”。比较:
They were unable to reach a decision. 他们没法做出决定。
Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了,他的房子就成了他的牢笼。
◆about prep. & adv.
1. 表示“大约”,通常用于数字前。如:
It costs about $10. 这需10美元左右。
He arrived at about 10 o’clock. 他大约10点钟到达。
2. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about, 含义有差别。如:
I have heard about him, but I don’t know him. 我听到过一些关于他的事,但不认识他这个人。
I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him. 我听说过他,但我不知道有关他的情况。
试比较:
He knows her. 他认识她。
He knows of her. 他知道有她这样一个人。
He knows about her. 他知道有关她的情况。
3. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(如:soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用。如:
We are about to leave for
不说:He is about to leave here tomorrow.
注意该短语可与并列连词 when(这时)连用。如:
I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了起来。
在美国英语中,be about to do sth 的否定式,可表示“不愿意做某事”。如:
I am not about to admit defeat. 我还不想认输。
4. about和on均可表示“关于”,但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较:
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。
He wrote about the school. 他报道有关这所学校的情况。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)
It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)
5. 注意不要按汉语意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 about,而在一些不及物动词后该加 about 时却漏加。如:
他没什么不满吧?
误:He has nothing to complain, does he?
正:He has nothing to complain about, does he?
析:表示抱怨某事时,complain 不及物,其后需接介词 about 或 of 再带名词或代词作宾语。(本句中 about 的逻辑宾语是 nothing)
我们会尽快讨论此事的。
误:We'll discuss about it as soon as possible.
正:We'll discuss it as soon as possible.
析:discuss(讨论)为及物动词,后接宾语时,无需用介词。类似地,英语说 consider sth, 而不说 consider about sth;可说 doubt sth, 而不说 doubt about sth;可说 explain sth,而不说 explain about sth;可说 report sth,而不说 report about sth;等等。
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