关于介词宾语的四点归纳

关于介词宾语的四点归纳

1. 介词宾语的基本形式

通常可用作介词宾语的词语有名词、代词以及相当于名词或代词的其他词语。如：

Shut the door after you. 请随手关门。

The children stood round the teacher. 孩子们围着老师站着。

Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。

He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。

2. 动名词作介词宾语

动词作作宾语通常要用动名词形式。如：

You should be careful in operating this machine.  操作这部机器时要小心。

I’m against doing anything till the police arrive. 我反对在警察到达之前采取任何行动。

Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. 锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。

注：在个别特殊结构中，介词后可接不定式甚至过去分词宾语。其中可用不定式作宾语的介词主要限于 but, except 等极少数几个，可用过去分词作宾语的介词只限于 regard…as(认为…是), take sth for granted(认为某事属实)等个别结构。如：

He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。

I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你会住在我们这里的。

3. 从句作介词宾语

介词后可接从句作宾语，即所谓语的宾语从句。如：

Take no notice of what they are saying about you. 不要理会他们讲的关于你的话。

He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。

注：介词后接从句作宾语时，通常不能是that从句，也不能是没有引导词的从句。若语义上要求接that从句作宾语，通常应先在介词后接the fact作宾语，然后再在the fact后接that引导的从句(用作同位语)。如：

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

4. 介词短语作介词宾语

英语中有少数介词可接介词短语作宾语，这部分介词主要是from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。如：

I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。

Will the rain hold off until after the game? 这场雨能拖到比赛结束之后再下吗?

He never drinks except on special occasions. 除非在特别场合，他从不喝酒。