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如何理解集合名词表示整体与表示个体

2016-07-11来源:和谐英语

如何理解集合名词表示整体与表示个体

有的英语初学者对英语中有些集合名词既可表单数意义也可表复数意义不是很理解。其实,很简单,使用的基本原则是:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。这类集合名词比较常见的有:army(军队),audience(观众),committee(委员会),crew(全体船员,全体乘务员,全体工作人员),enemy(敌人),family(家人),government(政府),group(一组,一群),public(公众),staff(全体职工,全体人员),team(队)等。比较:

My family is very large [big]. 我家是大家庭。

My family are all very well. 我家里人都很好。

Which team is the best? 哪个队打得最好?

The football team are having a rest. 足球队队员们在休息。

The crew is large. 工作人员众多。

The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。

有时句子中带有明显的单数或复数标志,则应分别按单数或复数处理。如:

The public is the best judge.=The public are the best judges. 公众是最好的判断者。

如果句子没有特定的上下文,有时既可当作整体看待(即视为单数),也可当作个体看待(即视为复数)。如:

The enemy was [were] forced to retreat. 敌人被迫撤退。

The school’s teaching staff is [are] excellent. 学校师资很不错。

The army was [were] called out to enforce the curfew. 军队被派去强制执行宵禁。

Our discussion group is [are] meeting this week. 我们的讨论小组本周开会。

The Government is [are] planning new tax increases. 政府正在制定新的增税方案。

The audience is [are] always very excited by a wonderful goal. 一个精彩的进球总会使观众们非常激动。

The committee who were [which was] responsible for this decision would consider it over again. 对这一决定负责的委员会是会重新考虑它的。