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25个重要集合名词用法详解

2016-07-27来源:和谐英语

17. minority的用法

(1) 意为“少数”“少数人”,用于a minority且用作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,但有时也用单数。如:

Only a tiny minority hold such extreme views. 只有极少数的人持这种极端的观点。

Unfortunately, a small minority want to spoil everyone else’s enjoyment. 很遗憾,少数几个人想破坏其他所有人的兴致。

The nation wants peace; only a minority want(s) the war to continue. 全国人民要和平,只有少数人希望继续打仗。

(2) 用于a minority of,后接复数名词,用作主语时,谓语动词可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)。如:

Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数人支持这些新法令。

A minority of children are sexually active before they are in their teens. 少数孩子在十几岁前有性行为。

Only a small minority of students is [are] interested in politics these days. 目前只有极少数学生对政治感兴趣。

18. nation的用法

(1) 表示“国民”“全国人民”时,为集合名词;但用作主语时,谓语动词可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)。如:

The nation was at fever pitch in the days leading up to the election. 大选前几天,全国处于狂热的兴奋之中。

The whole [entire] nation was [were] watching the developments of the incident. 全国人民都在关注着此事的进展。

(2) 若表示“国家”,则表示单数意思。如:

The nation was reunited and slaves were set free. 国家重新统一,奴隶获得了自由。

The nation is in danger of falling into anarchy. 那个国家有进入无政府状态的危险。

19. personnel的用法

(1) 表示“全体人员”时,为总称名词,虽为单数形式,但表示复数意义;用作主语时,谓语要用复数。如:

Our personnel are very highly trained. 我们的人员素质很高。

Army personnel are not allowed to leave the base. 军事人员不准离开基地。

(2) 表示“人事部门”时,其用法值得注意——此时它是不可数名词,不连用不定冠词,也不用复数形式,但它用作主语时谓语动词却可用单数或复数。如:

Personnel has [have] lost my tax forms. 人事部门把我的税收表格弄丢了。

Personnel is [are] organizing the training of the new members of staff. 人事部门正在组织新雇员的培训。

20. population的用法

(1) 表示某地区、城市、国家等的“全体居民”“人口”,或表示聚居于某地区的“一群或一类的人或动物”等,为集合名词,既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体)。如:

Most of the population has [have] fled. 大部分居民都逃走了。

A tiny fraction of the population never vote [votes]. 很少一部分人从不投票。

What percent of the population read [reads] books? 识字的人占人口总数的百分之几?

Half the world’s population doesn’t [don’t] get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃。

但是,在某些特定语境中,要注意区分其单数意义与复数意义。如:

One half of the world’s population are Asians. 世界人口有一半是亚洲人。(由于其后的表语是复数,所以系动词以用复数为宜)

The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(此句用单数谓语,因为主语的概括性比较强)

(2) 如果population本身为复数,其后的谓语自然要用复数。如:

Insect populations fluctuate wildly from year to year. 昆虫数量每年变化很大。

Whole populations of natives were wiped out in order that civilisation might advance. 为了文明得以前进,整批整批的土著被消灭了。

(3) 其前不能用数词修饰,也不能与many, few之类的词连用,但在说明数量多少时可用large, high, small等来说明。如:

China’s population is by far the largest of any country. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家。

In 1900 the population of London was higher than it is now. 1900年,伦敦的人口比现在多。

虽然不直接受数量修饰,但受“per+数词”来修饰。如:

the number of live births per 1,000 population 每1000人中的活产婴儿数目

(4) 要表示某地拥有多少人口,一般用“have a population of+基数词”这样的结构。如:

Japan has a population of about a hundred million. 日本人口约有1亿。

若要打听某地的人口数,可用what或how large。如:

How large [What] is the population of China? 中国有多少人口?