名词性从句用法详解
3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如:
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:
任何人来都欢迎(from www.hxen.net)。
误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.
正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.
另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如:
Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)
注:whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。
4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如:
I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。
I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。
五、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如:
Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭?
I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。
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