怎样学好名词性从句?
(二)特殊疑问词引导的各种名词性从句
1. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided.
2. No one knows who will attend the meeting.
3. My question is who will attend the meeting.
4. The question who will attend the meeting remains to be discussed.
【特别提示】
在本组句子中,每句都含有who will attend the meeting. 它在句1中作了句子的主语,是主语从句。在句2中作了knows的宾语,是宾语从句。在句3中作了is的表语,是表语从句。在句4中作了question的同位语,是同位语从句。
1. 英语中有一种wh-word,也叫特殊疑问词,因为这些引导词都含有wh两个字母。它们是 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, when, where, how, why, 这些词均可引导四种名词性从句,并且这些引导词仍然具有疑问的含义。
2. 主语从句可以用形式主语it替代,而把主语从句置于句子的最后。如:
It has not been decided who will take the place of the manager.
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
3. 上述例句都使用了wh-word引导各种名词从句,由于wh-word具有疑问的含义,所以,无论是主语从句还是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,其主句也都带有“悬而未决”的意思。例如:“没有决定”,“问题是”等等。因此主句中经常出现这一类词语:wonder, don’t know, no idea, not decided, doubt, question, problem等。
(三)whether引导的各种名词性从句
1. Whether she will agree with me doesn’t matter too much.
2. I wonder whether she will agree with me.
3. What I want to know is whether she will agree with me.
4. I have no idea whether she will agree with me.
【特别提示】
在本组句子中,每句都含有whether she will agree with me. 它在句1中作了句子的主语,是主语从句。在句2中作了wonder的宾语,是宾语从句。在句3中作了is的表语,是表语从句。在句4中作了idea的同位语,是同位语从句。
1. whether 表示“是否”的含义,它引导的名词从句具有“一般疑问句”的特点。作主语时,我们也可用it作形式主语,代替whether从句。例如:It doesn’t matter too much whether she will agree with me.
2. if 也有“是否”的含义,它可以引导宾语从句。例如:I wonder if the conclusion is true.但不能引导主语从句。例如,我们不可以说:If the conclusion is true hasn’t been proved.
但若用it作形式主语,则后面可以接if 引导的主语从句,例如:It hasn’t been proved if (whether) the conclusion is true. 此外,if 一般不能引导表语从句和同位语从句。
最后,需要补充的是:
1. because也可以引导表语从句,例如: It is just because the public don't know the truth. 这仅仅因为公众不知道事情的真相。
2. as if (as though)也引导表语从句,此类表语从句常跟在seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等词之后。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。
It sounds as though you are from the south of the United States . 听起来你好像来自美国南部。
3. 介词后也可跟宾语从句,但不用that引导,一般常用wh-word引导。
I can't agree with what he said.我不同意他所说的话。
I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心我是不是伤了她的感情。
4. 一些表示心理感情色彩的形容词,其后也可跟宾语从句,这时的宾语从句一般理解为主句的原因。这类形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。
I am sure that we will make it in spite of the great trouble. 我确信不管困难多大,我们都会取得成功的。
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