情态动词shall与should的用法比较与归纳
情态动词shall与should的用法比较与归纳
1. shall用在陈述句中
①用于主语为第一人称, 表示单纯将来,意为“将要,会”如:
I shall be eighteen next March. 明年三月我将十八岁了。
We shall arrive tomorrow. 我们将于明日到达。
用于第一人称还可表示意志。如:
I shall return. 我一定回来。
I shall never forget you. 我永远忘不了你。
②用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、威胁、许诺、规定等。如:
You shall not catch me so easily next time. 你下次不会那么容易就能抓到我了。
Tommy shall have a toy, if he is a good boy. 如果汤米是个好孩子,他就可以得到一个玩具。
The students shall wear uniforms. 学生们应穿校服。
2. shall用在疑问句中
shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见。如:
Shall I open the window? 你要我打开窗子吗?
Shall we all go to the film tonight? 我们今晚都去看电影吗?
Shall he go there instead of you? 他要代你去那里吗?
Let’s go on to the next question, shall we? 我们接着下一个问题,好啊?
3. should表示义务或责任
should表示义务或责任时,意为“应该”:
Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
You should pay your debts. 你应该还债。
4. should 表示建议或劝告
should 表示建议或劝告意为“应该”:
You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. 你在睡前应该刷牙。
There should be pipes for hot water. 应该有热水管。。
You should go and ask our teacher. 你应该去问问老师。
5. should 表示委婉而郑重的说法
表示委婉而郑重的说法,用于第一人称,意为“想”。如:
I should like to make a phone call. 我想打个电话。
I’d like to go to the concert with you next Sunday. 下星期天我想请你和我一起去听音乐会。
He was about thirty, I should think. 我以为他大约三十岁。
6. should 用于征求意见
该用法与Shall I / we…?的用法相似。如:
Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?
Where should we meet tonight? 今晚我们该在哪儿见面?
7. should 表示推断
意为“应该”、“可能”。
(1) should+动词原形,表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:
They should arrive at noon. 他们该在中午到达。
It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天晴。
The photo should be ready tomorrow morrow. 明天早晨照片可能冲印出来。
(2) should+进行式,表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你现在应当戴太阳镜。
Why should you sitting there doing nothing? 你干吗坐在那儿闲呆着?
You shouldn’t be working like that. You’re still so weak. 你不应当这样干,你身体还很弱。
(3) should+完成式,表示对过去情况的推测,或表示过去应该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如:
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他们这个时候该到北京了。
I should have gone there alone. 我当时应该一个人去那儿的。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. 他本应知道这样的事情警察是决不允许的。
(4) should+完成进行式,表示“应当一直在┅”如:
You should have been helping him. Why haven’t you? 你是应当在帮助他的,怎么没帮?
8. should表示意外或惊讶
It’s strange that their team should win the first prize.真奇怪,他们队竟然会得一等奖。
Why should I be angry with you? 我怎么会生你的气呢?
How should I know? 我怎么会知道?
9. should用于宾语从句或间接引语
should 用于宾语从句或间接引语,表示“将”。如:
We said we shouldn't arrive till 6. 我们说过我们六点才能到。
I said that I should succeed. 我说我会成功。
10. should 用在虚拟句中
I should have bought it if I had enough money. 如果当时我有足够的钱,我会把它买下来的。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 要是明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。
It is a pity that the building should have been burnt down. 那座建筑物会被烧毁,真是一件憾事。
It is decided that he should be sent to the country. 已决定他要被派往那个国家。
I insist that he should pay. 我坚持要他付款。
It is natural that they should get angry. 他们会生气是必然的。
11. should 表示不确定
should 表示不确定,意为“万一”。如:
If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。
If I should die, you would get the money. 如果我死了,这钱就归你。
If you should ever come up this way, don’t fail to look in. 万一走过我们这里,请进来坐坐。
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