英语虚拟语气的基本概念和类型
英语虚拟语气的基本概念和类型
一、英语虚拟语气的基本概念
英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望:
He was nice to us. 他对我们很友好。(陈述语气)
Don't be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。 (祈使语气)
It is important that he work hard. 他用功是很重要的。(虚拟语气)
If he had apologized,you should have done so too. 如果他道歉了,你也应当道歉。(虚拟语气)
二、英语虚拟语气的基本类型
1. 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If she were trying harder, her parents wouldn’t be so anxious. 如果她现在更用功些,她的父母也不会这么忧虑了。(可惜他并不用功)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
2. 与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If I’d seen you, I'd have said hello. 如果我看见你了,我会和你打招呼的。(不巧我没看见你)
If they had invited him to the party, he would have attended it. 如果他们邀请了他参加晚会,他是会参加的。(但他们没邀请他)
3. 与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。(但你还没有成功)
If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)