和谐英语

您现在的位置是:首页 > 英语语法 > 虚拟语气

正文

虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构

2017-01-22来源:和谐英语

虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构

一、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:

If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)

二、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:

If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

三、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:

If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If I asked him,I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:

一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:

If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。